Mac OS X 10.9.5上的HealPix C++链接错误
HealPix C++ Linking error on Mac OS X 10.9.5
我已经在运行OS X 10.9.5的Linux和MacBookPro上成功安装并测试了HealPix 3.11。在Mac操作系统上编译healpix库时，在配置脚本中，我选择了"cxx"answers"osx"。注意：在linux系统上，它运行得非常好。
然而，在我的OSX系统上，当我尝试将它用于我自己的简单healpix示例时，它会编译，但无法正确链接。以下是我得到的链接错误：
Scanning dependencies of target garage-diff-sphericaldomain-demo1
[100%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/bin/garage-diff-sphericaldomain-demo1.dir/src/demos/fft-demos/diff-sphericaldomain-demo1.cxx.o
Linking CXX executable bin/garage-diff-sphericaldomain-demo1
Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
"std::string::find_last_not_of(char const*, unsigned long, unsigned long) const", referenced from:
trim(std::string const&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
"std::string::find_first_not_of(char const*, unsigned long, unsigned long) const", referenced from:
trim(std::string const&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
"std::string::find(char const*, unsigned long, unsigned long) const", referenced from:
parse_file(std::string const&, std::map<std::string, std::string, std::less<std::string>, std::allocator<std::pair<std::string const, std::string> > >&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
parse_cmdline_equalsign(int, char const**, std::vector<std::string, std::allocator<std::string> > const&, std::map<std::string, std::string, std::less<std::string>, std::allocator<std::pair<std::string const, std::string> > >&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
"std::string::compare(char const*) const", referenced from:
planck_failure__(char const*, int, char const*, std::string const&) in libcxxsupport.a(error_handling.o)
parse_file(std::string const&, std::map<std::string, std::string, std::less<std::string>, std::allocator<std::pair<std::string const, std::string> > >&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
parse_cmdline_equalsign(int, char const**, std::vector<std::string, std::allocator<std::string> > const&, std::map<std::string, std::string, std::less<std::string>, std::allocator<std::pair<std::string const, std::string> > >&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
parse_words_from_file(std::string const&, std::vector<std::string, std::allocator<std::string> >&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
"std::ctype<char>::_M_widen_init() const", referenced from:
planck_failure__(char const*, int, char const*, std::string const&) in libcxxsupport.a(error_handling.o)
operator<<(std::ostream&, pointing const&) in libcxxsupport.a(pointing.o)
parse_file(std::string const&, std::map<std::string, std::string, std::less<std::string>, std::allocator<std::pair<std::string const, std::string> > >&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
parse_cmdline_equalsign(int, char const**, std::vector<std::string, std::allocator<std::string> > const&, std::map<std::string, std::string, std::less<std::string>, std::allocator<std::pair<std::string const, std::string> > >&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
intToString(long, unsigned long) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
"std::istream& std::istream::_M_extract<double>(double&)", referenced from:
void stringToData<double>(std::string const&, double&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
"std::istream& std::istream::_M_extract<long double>(long double&)", referenced from:
void stringToData<long double>(std::string const&, long double&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
"std::istream& std::istream::_M_extract<float>(float&)", referenced from:
void stringToData<float>(std::string const&, float&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
"std::istream& std::istream::_M_extract<unsigned int>(unsigned int&)", referenced from:
void stringToData<unsigned int>(std::string const&, unsigned int&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
"std::istream& std::istream::_M_extract<long>(long&)", referenced from:
void stringToData<long>(std::string const&, long&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
"std::istream& std::istream::_M_extract<unsigned long>(unsigned long&)", referenced from:
void stringToData<unsigned long>(std::string const&, unsigned long&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
"std::istream& std::istream::_M_extract<unsigned short>(unsigned short&)", referenced from:
void stringToData<unsigned short>(std::string const&, unsigned short&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
"std::istream& std::istream::_M_extract<long long>(long long&)", referenced from:
void stringToData<long long>(std::string const&, long long&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
"std::istream& std::istream::_M_extract<unsigned long long>(unsigned long long&)", referenced from:
void stringToData<unsigned long long>(std::string const&, unsigned long long&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
"std::istream::operator>>(int&)", referenced from:
void stringToData<int>(std::string const&, int&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
"std::istream::operator>>(short&)", referenced from:
void stringToData<short>(std::string const&, short&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
"std::ostream::put(char)", referenced from:
planck_failure__(char const*, int, char const*, std::string const&) in libcxxsupport.a(error_handling.o)
operator<<(std::ostream&, pointing const&) in libcxxsupport.a(pointing.o)
parse_file(std::string const&, std::map<std::string, std::string, std::less<std::string>, std::allocator<std::pair<std::string const, std::string> > >&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
parse_cmdline_equalsign(int, char const**, std::vector<std::string, std::allocator<std::string> > const&, std::map<std::string, std::string, std::less<std::string>, std::allocator<std::pair<std::string const, std::string> > >&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
"std::ostream::flush()", referenced from:
planck_failure__(char const*, int, char const*, std::string const&) in libcxxsupport.a(error_handling.o)
operator<<(std::ostream&, pointing const&) in libcxxsupport.a(pointing.o)
parse_file(std::string const&, std::map<std::string, std::string, std::less<std::string>, std::allocator<std::pair<std::string const, std::string> > >&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
parse_cmdline_equalsign(int, char const**, std::vector<std::string, std::allocator<std::string> > const&, std::map<std::string, std::string, std::less<std::string>, std::allocator<std::pair<std::string const, std::string> > >&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
"std::ostream& std::ostream::_M_insert<double>(double)", referenced from:
operator<<(std::ostream&, pointing const&) in libcxxsupport.a(pointing.o)
std::string dataToString<double>(double const&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
std::string dataToString<float>(float const&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
"std::ostream& std::ostream::_M_insert<long double>(long double)", referenced from:
std::string dataToString<long double>(long double const&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
"std::ostream& std::ostream::_M_insert<long>(long)", referenced from:
intToString(long, unsigned long) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
std::string dataToString<long>(long const&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
"std::ostream& std::ostream::_M_insert<unsigned long>(unsigned long)", referenced from:
std::string dataToString<unsigned long>(unsigned long const&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
std::string dataToString<unsigned short>(unsigned short const&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
std::string dataToString<unsigned int>(unsigned int const&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
"std::ostream& std::ostream::_M_insert<long long>(long long)", referenced from:
std::string dataToString<long long>(long long const&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
"std::ostream& std::ostream::_M_insert<unsigned long long>(unsigned long long)", referenced from:
std::string dataToString<unsigned long long>(unsigned long long const&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
"std::ostream::operator<<(int)", referenced from:
planck_failure__(char const*, int, char const*, std::string const&) in libcxxsupport.a(error_handling.o)
parse_file(std::string const&, std::map<std::string, std::string, std::less<std::string>, std::allocator<std::pair<std::string const, std::string> > >&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
std::string dataToString<int>(int const&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
"std::ostream::operator<<(short)", referenced from:
std::string dataToString<short>(short const&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
"std::string::_M_leak_hard()", referenced from:
tolower(std::string const&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
"std::string::_Rep::_M_destroy(std::allocator<char> const&)", referenced from:
PlanckError::~PlanckError() in libcxxsupport.a(error_handling.o)
PlanckError::~PlanckError() in libcxxsupport.a(error_handling.o)
planck_failure__(char const*, int, char const*, char const*) in libcxxsupport.a(error_handling.o)
string2HealpixScheme(std::string const&) in libhealpix_cxx.a(healpix_tables.o)
(anonymous namespace)::end_stringToData(std::string const&, char const*, std::basic_istringstream<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
void stringToData<std::string>(std::string const&, std::string&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
void stringToData<bool>(std::string const&, bool&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
...
"std::string::_Rep::_S_empty_rep_storage", referenced from:
PlanckError::~PlanckError() in libcxxsupport.a(error_handling.o)
PlanckError::~PlanckError() in libcxxsupport.a(error_handling.o)
planck_failure__(char const*, int, char const*, char const*) in libcxxsupport.a(error_handling.o)
string2HealpixScheme(std::string const&) in libhealpix_cxx.a(healpix_tables.o)
std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > std::operator+<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >(char const*, std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&) in libhealpix_cxx.a(healpix_tables.o)
(anonymous namespace)::end_stringToData(std::string const&, char const*, std::basic_istringstream<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
void stringToData<std::string>(std::string const&, std::string&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
...
"std::string::_Rep::_S_create(unsigned long, unsigned long, std::allocator<char> const&)", referenced from:
char* std::string::_S_construct<char*>(char*, char*, std::allocator<char> const&, std::forward_iterator_tag) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
"std::string::append(char const*, unsigned long)", referenced from:
std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > std::operator+<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >(char const*, std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&) in libhealpix_cxx.a(healpix_tables.o)
std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > std::operator+<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >(std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&, char const*) in libhealpix_cxx.a(healpix_tables.o)
(anonymous namespace)::end_stringToData(std::string const&, char const*, std::basic_istringstream<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
void stringToData<bool>(std::string const&, bool&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
void split<float>(std::string const&, std::vector<float, std::allocator<float> >&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
void split<double>(std::string const&, std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
void split<int>(std::string const&, std::vector<int, std::allocator<int> >&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
...
"std::string::append(std::string const&)", referenced from:
std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > std::operator+<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >(char const*, std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&) in libhealpix_cxx.a(healpix_tables.o)
(anonymous namespace)::end_stringToData(std::string const&, char const*, std::basic_istringstream<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > std::operator+<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >(char const*, std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
"std::string::assign(char const*, unsigned long)", referenced from:
parse_cmdline_classic(int, char const**, std::vector<std::string, std::allocator<std::string> > const&, std::map<std::string, std::string, std::less<std::string>, std::allocator<std::pair<std::string const, std::string> > >&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
parse_cmdline_equalsign(int, char const**, std::vector<std::string, std::allocator<std::string> > const&, std::map<std::string, std::string, std::less<std::string>, std::allocator<std::pair<std::string const, std::string> > >&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
"std::string::assign(std::string const&)", referenced from:
void stringToData<std::string>(std::string const&, std::string&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
"VTT for std::basic_ostringstream<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >", referenced from:
std::string dataToString<short>(short const&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
std::string dataToString<double>(double const&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
std::string dataToString<long long>(long long const&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
std::string dataToString<long double>(long double const&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
std::string dataToString<unsigned long>(unsigned long const&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
intToString(long, unsigned long) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
std::string dataToString<long>(long const&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
...
"vtable for std::basic_filebuf<char, std::char_traits<char> >", referenced from:
parse_file(std::string const&, std::map<std::string, std::string, std::less<std::string>, std::allocator<std::pair<std::string const, std::string> > >&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
parse_words_from_file(std::string const&, std::vector<std::string, std::allocator<std::string> >&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
NOTE: a missing vtable usually means the first non-inline virtual member function has no definition.
"vtable for std::basic_ifstream<char, std::char_traits<char> >", referenced from:
parse_file(std::string const&, std::map<std::string, std::string, std::less<std::string>, std::allocator<std::pair<std::string const, std::string> > >&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
parse_words_from_file(std::string const&, std::vector<std::string, std::allocator<std::string> >&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
NOTE: a missing vtable usually means the first non-inline virtual member function has no definition.
"vtable for std::basic_streambuf<char, std::char_traits<char> >", referenced from:
void stringToData<long double>(std::string const&, long double&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
void stringToData<double>(std::string const&, double&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
void stringToData<float>(std::string const&, float&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
void stringToData<unsigned long long>(std::string const&, unsigned long long&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
void stringToData<long long>(std::string const&, long long&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
void stringToData<unsigned long>(std::string const&, unsigned long&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
void stringToData<long>(std::string const&, long&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
...
NOTE: a missing vtable usually means the first non-inline virtual member function has no definition.
"vtable for std::basic_stringbuf<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >", referenced from:
void stringToData<long double>(std::string const&, long double&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
void stringToData<double>(std::string const&, double&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
void stringToData<float>(std::string const&, float&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
void stringToData<unsigned long long>(std::string const&, unsigned long long&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
void stringToData<long long>(std::string const&, long long&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
void stringToData<unsigned long>(std::string const&, unsigned long&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
void stringToData<long>(std::string const&, long&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
...
NOTE: a missing vtable usually means the first non-inline virtual member function has no definition.
"vtable for std::basic_istringstream<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >", referenced from:
void stringToData<long double>(std::string const&, long double&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
void stringToData<double>(std::string const&, double&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
void stringToData<float>(std::string const&, float&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
void stringToData<unsigned long long>(std::string const&, unsigned long long&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
void stringToData<long long>(std::string const&, long long&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
void stringToData<unsigned long>(std::string const&, unsigned long&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
void stringToData<long>(std::string const&, long&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
...
NOTE: a missing vtable usually means the first non-inline virtual member function has no definition.
"vtable for std::basic_ostringstream<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >", referenced from:
std::string dataToString<short>(short const&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
std::string dataToString<double>(double const&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
std::string dataToString<long long>(long long const&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
std::string dataToString<long double>(long double const&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
std::string dataToString<unsigned long>(unsigned long const&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
intToString(long, unsigned long) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
std::string dataToString<long>(long const&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
...
NOTE: a missing vtable usually means the first non-inline virtual member function has no definition.
"vtable for std::basic_ios<char, std::char_traits<char> >", referenced from:
void stringToData<long double>(std::string const&, long double&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
void stringToData<double>(std::string const&, double&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
void stringToData<float>(std::string const&, float&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
void stringToData<unsigned long long>(std::string const&, unsigned long long&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
void stringToData<long long>(std::string const&, long long&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
void stringToData<unsigned long>(std::string const&, unsigned long&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
void stringToData<long>(std::string const&, long&) in libcxxsupport.a(string_utils.o)
...
NOTE: a missing vtable usually means the first non-inline virtual member function has no definition.
ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
make[2]: *** [bin/garage-diff-sphericaldomain-demo1] Error 1
make[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/bin/garage-diff-sphericaldomain-demo1.dir/all] Error 2
make: *** [all] Error 2
这个错误只来自libcxxsupport.a链接的静态库，这很奇怪。
这是我用来编译程序的FindHealPix.cmake文件的链接。如前所述，我已经能够在linux ubuntu 14.04版本的机器上编译和链接而没有任何问题。
最后我找到了一种让它工作的方法。
由于在Healpix_3.11库中使用了OpenMP，我开始出现额外的错误，我不明白为什么。这个错误看起来是这样的：
Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
"_GOMP_critical_end", referenced from:
_sharp_execute_job._omp_fn.0 in libsharp.a(sharp.o)
"_GOMP_critical_start", referenced from:
_sharp_execute_job._omp_fn.0 in libsharp.a(sharp.o)
"_GOMP_loop_dynamic_next", referenced from:
_sharp_execute_job._omp_fn.0 in libsharp.a(sharp.o)
_phase2map._omp_fn.2 in libsharp.a(sharp.o)
_map2phase._omp_fn.1 in libsharp.a(sharp.o)
_gauss_legendre_tbl._omp_fn.0 in libsharp.a(sharp_geomhelpers.o)
"_GOMP_loop_dynamic_start", referenced from:
_sharp_execute_job._omp_fn.0 in libsharp.a(sharp.o)
_phase2map._omp_fn.2 in libsharp.a(sharp.o)
_map2phase._omp_fn.1 in libsharp.a(sharp.o)
_gauss_legendre_tbl._omp_fn.0 in libsharp.a(sharp_geomhelpers.o)
"_GOMP_loop_end", referenced from:
_sharp_execute_job._omp_fn.0 in libsharp.a(sharp.o)
_phase2map._omp_fn.2 in libsharp.a(sharp.o)
_map2phase._omp_fn.1 in libsharp.a(sharp.o)
"_GOMP_loop_end_nowait", referenced from:
_gauss_legendre_tbl._omp_fn.0 in libsharp.a(sharp_geomhelpers.o)
"_GOMP_parallel_end", referenced from:
...
但在谷歌搜索后，我发现这个错误是因为Clang APPLE编译器不允许使用-fopenmp标志。因此，我不得不找到一种方法来强制我的CMakeLists.txt在我的项目中使用gcc和g++。
所以，问题出在Clang Mac OS X 10.9.5编译器上。以下是一个分步骤的快速答案：
- 确保
/usr/bin或/usr/local/bin中的gcc和g++编译器分别链接到gcc-49和g++-4.9。请查看此处以获取帮助 - 确保您的CMake调用的是
g++和gcc编译器，而不是APPLE Clang编译器。如果您在运行cmake .时收到以下消息，则表示您的cmake正在调用Clang
--C编译器标识为AppleClang 5.1.0.5030040
--CXX编译器标识为AppleClang 5.1.0.5030040
- 通过在CMakeLists.txt中的
project()行上方声明以下行，您可以非常容易地更改上述行为
... if(APPLE) SET(CMAKE_C_COMPILER_INIT gcc) SET(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_INIT g++) endif(APPLE) project(Healpix) ...
有关CMake编译器的更多帮助，请查看另一个stackerflow答案和更改CMake编译程序/工具。
编辑：
要运行像这样的测试示例，可以使用终端命令行：
g++healpix-demo1.cxx-I/usr/local/opt/cfitsio/include-I/Users/gsingh/Programming/agarge/第三方/Healpix_3.11/src/cxx/c_utils-I/Users/gsingh/Programming/agarge/第三方/Healpix_3.11/src/cxx/libftpack-I/Users/gsingh/Programming/agarge/第三方/Healpix_3.11/src/cxx/libsharp-I/Users/gsingh/Programming/agarge/第三方/Healpix_3.11/src/cxx/cxxsupport-I/Users/gsingh/Programming/agarge/第三方/Healpix_3.11/src/cxx/Healpi_cxx-L-L/用户/gsingh/编程/车库/第三方/Healpix_3.11/src/cxx/osx/lib-fopenmp-fPIC-O2-ffast math-fomit帧指针/Users/gsingh/Programming/agarge/第三方/Healpix_3.11/src/ccxx/osx/lib/libhealpix_cxx.a/Users/gsingh/Programming/agarge/pathirdy/Healpix_3.11/src/cxx/osx/lib/libcxxsupport.a/Users/gsingh/Programming/agarge/第三方/Healpix_3.11/src/cxx/osx/lib/libsharp.a/Users/gsingh/Programming/agarge/pathirdy/Healpix_3.11/src/cxx/osx/lib/libftpack.a/Users/gsingh/Programming/agarge/第三方/Healpix_3.11/src/cxx/osx/lib/libc_utils.a-L/usr/local/opt/cfitsio/lib-lcfitsio
