MSVC++扩展iostream时出错

Error on MSVC++ with extending iostream

本文关键字:出错 iostream 扩展 MSVC++      更新时间:2023-10-16

我正在为我的应用程序编写一个输出管理器类,尽管我的类在linux下的g++上工作,但它不会在MSVC++2010下编译。

这是我的程序的SSCCE版本:

#include <iostream>
#include <malloc.h>
#include <sstream>
#include <fstream>
template<class cT, class traits=std::char_traits<cT> >
class BasicE3OutStream: public std::basic_ostream<cT, traits> {
    public:
        BasicE3OutStream() :
                std::basic_ios<cT, traits>(), std::basic_ostream<cT, traits>(0), mBuffer() {
            resetModifiers();
            mLineBuffer=(std::stringstream*) malloc(sizeof(std::stringstream));
            mLineBuffer=new (mLineBuffer) std::stringstream();
        }
        BasicE3OutStream(const BasicE3OutStream<cT,traits> &) {
        }
        virtual ~BasicE3OutStream() {
            delete mLineBuffer;
            mLineBuffer=NULL;
        }
        void resetModifiers() {
            mDebug=false;
            mMemory=false;
        }
        void open(const char* fileName) {
            mBuffer.open(fileName, std::stringstream::out);
        }
        void close() {
            mBuffer.close();
        }
        template<class T>
        BasicE3OutStream& operator<<(T val) {
            (*mLineBuffer)<<val;
            return (*this);
        }
        BasicE3OutStream& operator<<(char* val) {
            (*mLineBuffer)<<val;
            return (*this);
        }
        BasicE3OutStream& operator<<(std::string val) {
            (*mLineBuffer)<<val;
            return (*this);
        }
        void addLineFeed() {
            std::string modifier;
            modifier="";
            if (mDebug)
                modifier+="[DEBUG] ";
            else if (mMemory)
                modifier+="[MEMORY] ";
            mBuffer<<modifier<<mLineBuffer->str()<<"n";
            mLineBuffer->~basic_stringstream();
            mLineBuffer=new (mLineBuffer) std::stringstream();
            resetModifiers();
        }
        void flush() {
            mBuffer.flush();
            resetModifiers();
        }
        void setFlag(int f) {
            if (f==0)
                mDebug=true;
            else if (f==1)
                mMemory=true;
        }
    public:
        std::basic_ofstream<cT, traits> mBuffer;
        std::stringstream* mLineBuffer;
        bool mDebug, mMemory;
};
template<class cT, class traits, class T>
BasicE3OutStream<cT, traits>& operator<<(BasicE3OutStream<char, traits>& str , T val) {
    str.operator <<(val);
    return (str);
}
typedef BasicE3OutStream<char> E3OutStream;
template<class charT, class traits>
BasicE3OutStream<charT, traits>& endl(BasicE3OutStream<charT, traits>& os) {
    os.addLineFeed();
    return (os);
}
template<class charT, class traits>
BasicE3OutStream<charT, traits>& flush(BasicE3OutStream<charT, traits>& os) {
    os.flush();
    return (os);
}
template<class charT, class traits>
BasicE3OutStream<charT, traits>& debug(BasicE3OutStream<charT, traits>& os) {
    os.setFlag(0);
    return (os);
}
template<class charT, class traits>
BasicE3OutStream<charT, traits>& memory(BasicE3OutStream<charT, traits>& os) {
    os.setFlag(1);
    return (os);
}
/**
 * Io manipulator, allows to use endl and other modificators
 */
template<class charT, class traits> BasicE3OutStream<charT, traits>& operator<<(
        BasicE3OutStream<charT, traits> &s
        , BasicE3OutStream<charT, traits>& (*iomanip)(BasicE3OutStream<charT, traits>&)) {
    return (iomanip(s));
}

int main() {
    E3OutStream s;
    s.open("output.txt");
    s<<debug<<"Debug info"<<endl;
    s<<flush;
    s<<memory<<"Memory info"<<endl;
    s<<flush;
    s.close();
}

它在g++中运行良好,但在MSVC上我得到了一个编译器错误:

1>------ Build started: Project: sscce, Configuration: Debug Win32 ------
1>  main.cpp
1>c:usersguillaumedocumentsvisual studio 2010projectsssccessccemain.cpp(129): error C2679: binary '<<' : no operator found which takes a right-hand operand of type 'overloaded-function' (or there is no acceptable conversion)
1>          c:program files (x86)microsoft visual studio 10.0vcincludeostream(679): could be 'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<char,std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,const char *)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Elem=char,
1>              _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1>          ]
1>          c:program files (x86)microsoft visual studio 10.0vcincludeostream(726): or       'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<char,std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,char)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Elem=char,
1>              _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1>          ]
1>          c:program files (x86)microsoft visual studio 10.0vcincludeostream(764): or       'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,const char *)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Elem=char,
1>              _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1>          ]
1>          c:program files (x86)microsoft visual studio 10.0vcincludeostream(811): or       'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,char)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Elem=char,
1>              _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1>          ]
1>          c:program files (x86)microsoft visual studio 10.0vcincludeostream(937): or       'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,const signed char *)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Elem=char,
1>              _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1>          ]
1>          c:program files (x86)microsoft visual studio 10.0vcincludeostream(944): or       'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,signed char)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Elem=char,
1>              _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1>          ]
1>          c:program files (x86)microsoft visual studio 10.0vcincludeostream(951): or       'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,const unsigned char *)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Elem=char,
1>              _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1>          ]
1>          c:program files (x86)microsoft visual studio 10.0vcincludeostream(958): or       'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,unsigned char)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Elem=char,
1>              _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1>          ]
1>          c:program files (x86)microsoft visual studio 10.0vcincludeostream(1085): or       'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<char,std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,const std::error_code &)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Elem=char,
1>              _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1>          ]
1>          c:usersguillaumedocumentsvisual studio 2010projectsssccessccemain.cpp(43): or       'BasicE3OutStream<cT> &BasicE3OutStream<cT>::operator <<(char *)'
1>          with
1>          [
1>              cT=char
1>          ]
1>          c:usersguillaumedocumentsvisual studio 2010projectsssccessccemain.cpp(48): or       'BasicE3OutStream<cT> &BasicE3OutStream<cT>::operator <<(std::string)'
1>          with
1>          [
1>              cT=char
1>          ]
1>          while trying to match the argument list '(E3OutStream, overloaded-function)'
1>c:usersguillaumedocumentsvisual studio 2010projectsssccessccemain.cpp(130): error C2679: binary '<<' : no operator found which takes a right-hand operand of type 'overloaded-function' (or there is no acceptable conversion)
1>          c:program files (x86)microsoft visual studio 10.0vcincludeostream(679): could be 'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<char,std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,const char *)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Elem=char,
1>              _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1>          ]
1>          c:program files (x86)microsoft visual studio 10.0vcincludeostream(726): or       'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<char,std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,char)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Elem=char,
1>              _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1>          ]
1>          c:program files (x86)microsoft visual studio 10.0vcincludeostream(764): or       'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,const char *)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Elem=char,
1>              _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1>          ]
1>          c:program files (x86)microsoft visual studio 10.0vcincludeostream(811): or       'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,char)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Elem=char,
1>              _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1>          ]
1>          c:program files (x86)microsoft visual studio 10.0vcincludeostream(937): or       'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,const signed char *)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Elem=char,
1>              _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1>          ]
1>          c:program files (x86)microsoft visual studio 10.0vcincludeostream(944): or       'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,signed char)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Elem=char,
1>              _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1>          ]
1>          c:program files (x86)microsoft visual studio 10.0vcincludeostream(951): or       'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,const unsigned char *)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Elem=char,
1>              _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1>          ]
1>          c:program files (x86)microsoft visual studio 10.0vcincludeostream(958): or       'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,unsigned char)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Elem=char,
1>              _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1>          ]
1>          c:program files (x86)microsoft visual studio 10.0vcincludeostream(1085): or       'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<char,std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,const std::error_code &)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Elem=char,
1>              _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1>          ]
1>          c:usersguillaumedocumentsvisual studio 2010projectsssccessccemain.cpp(43): or       'BasicE3OutStream<cT> &BasicE3OutStream<cT>::operator <<(char *)'
1>          with
1>          [
1>              cT=char
1>          ]
1>          c:usersguillaumedocumentsvisual studio 2010projectsssccessccemain.cpp(48): or       'BasicE3OutStream<cT> &BasicE3OutStream<cT>::operator <<(std::string)'
1>          with
1>          [
1>              cT=char
1>          ]
1>          while trying to match the argument list '(E3OutStream, overloaded-function)'
1>c:usersguillaumedocumentsvisual studio 2010projectsssccessccemain.cpp(131): error C2679: binary '<<' : no operator found which takes a right-hand operand of type 'overloaded-function' (or there is no acceptable conversion)
1>          c:program files (x86)microsoft visual studio 10.0vcincludeostream(679): could be 'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<char,std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,const char *)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Elem=char,
1>              _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1>          ]
1>          c:program files (x86)microsoft visual studio 10.0vcincludeostream(726): or       'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<char,std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,char)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Elem=char,
1>              _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1>          ]
1>          c:program files (x86)microsoft visual studio 10.0vcincludeostream(764): or       'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,const char *)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Elem=char,
1>              _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1>          ]
1>          c:program files (x86)microsoft visual studio 10.0vcincludeostream(811): or       'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,char)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Elem=char,
1>              _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1>          ]
1>          c:program files (x86)microsoft visual studio 10.0vcincludeostream(937): or       'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,const signed char *)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Elem=char,
1>              _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1>          ]
1>          c:program files (x86)microsoft visual studio 10.0vcincludeostream(944): or       'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,signed char)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Elem=char,
1>              _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1>          ]
1>          c:program files (x86)microsoft visual studio 10.0vcincludeostream(951): or       'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,const unsigned char *)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Elem=char,
1>              _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1>          ]
1>          c:program files (x86)microsoft visual studio 10.0vcincludeostream(958): or       'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,unsigned char)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Elem=char,
1>              _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1>          ]
1>          c:program files (x86)microsoft visual studio 10.0vcincludeostream(1085): or       'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<char,std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,const std::error_code &)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Elem=char,
1>              _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1>          ]
1>          c:usersguillaumedocumentsvisual studio 2010projectsssccessccemain.cpp(43): or       'BasicE3OutStream<cT> &BasicE3OutStream<cT>::operator <<(char *)'
1>          with
1>          [
1>              cT=char
1>          ]
1>          c:usersguillaumedocumentsvisual studio 2010projectsssccessccemain.cpp(48): or       'BasicE3OutStream<cT> &BasicE3OutStream<cT>::operator <<(std::string)'
1>          with
1>          [
1>              cT=char
1>          ]
1>          while trying to match the argument list '(E3OutStream, overloaded-function)'
1>c:usersguillaumedocumentsvisual studio 2010projectsssccessccemain.cpp(132): error C2679: binary '<<' : no operator found which takes a right-hand operand of type 'overloaded-function' (or there is no acceptable conversion)
1>          c:program files (x86)microsoft visual studio 10.0vcincludeostream(679): could be 'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<char,std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,const char *)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Elem=char,
1>              _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1>          ]
1>          c:program files (x86)microsoft visual studio 10.0vcincludeostream(726): or       'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<char,std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,char)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Elem=char,
1>              _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1>          ]
1>          c:program files (x86)microsoft visual studio 10.0vcincludeostream(764): or       'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,const char *)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Elem=char,
1>              _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1>          ]
1>          c:program files (x86)microsoft visual studio 10.0vcincludeostream(811): or       'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,char)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Elem=char,
1>              _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1>          ]
1>          c:program files (x86)microsoft visual studio 10.0vcincludeostream(937): or       'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,const signed char *)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Elem=char,
1>              _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1>          ]
1>          c:program files (x86)microsoft visual studio 10.0vcincludeostream(944): or       'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,signed char)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Elem=char,
1>              _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1>          ]
1>          c:program files (x86)microsoft visual studio 10.0vcincludeostream(951): or       'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,const unsigned char *)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Elem=char,
1>              _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1>          ]
1>          c:program files (x86)microsoft visual studio 10.0vcincludeostream(958): or       'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,unsigned char)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Elem=char,
1>              _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1>          ]
1>          c:program files (x86)microsoft visual studio 10.0vcincludeostream(1085): or       'std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &std::operator <<<char,std::char_traits<char>>(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits> &,const std::error_code &)' [found using argument-dependent lookup]
1>          with
1>          [
1>              _Elem=char,
1>              _Traits=std::char_traits<char>
1>          ]
1>          c:usersguillaumedocumentsvisual studio 2010projectsssccessccemain.cpp(43): or       'BasicE3OutStream<cT> &BasicE3OutStream<cT>::operator <<(char *)'
1>          with
1>          [
1>              cT=char
1>          ]
1>          c:usersguillaumedocumentsvisual studio 2010projectsssccessccemain.cpp(48): or       'BasicE3OutStream<cT> &BasicE3OutStream<cT>::operator <<(std::string)'
1>          with
1>          [
1>              cT=char
1>          ]
1>          while trying to match the argument list '(E3OutStream, overloaded-function)'
========== Build: 0 succeeded, 1 failed, 0 up-to-date, 0 skipped ==========

任何帮助都将不胜感激,Guillaume

[编辑]

多亏了这个建议,我才意识到在这种情况下扩展iostream是没有用的,因为我已经有了一个ofstream作为成员变量。由于我对std库的内部工作还不够了解,我让我的类独立,它在MSVC和g++上都能工作:

#include <iostream>
#include <malloc.h>
#include <sstream>
#include <fstream>
class BasicE3OutStream {
    public:
        BasicE3OutStream() :
                mBuffer() {
            resetModifiers();
            mLineBuffer=(std::stringstream*) malloc(sizeof(std::stringstream));
            mLineBuffer=new (mLineBuffer) std::stringstream();
        }
        BasicE3OutStream(const BasicE3OutStream &) {
        }
        virtual ~BasicE3OutStream() {
            delete mLineBuffer;
            mLineBuffer=NULL;
        }
        void resetModifiers() {
            mDebug=false;
            mMemory=false;
        }
        void open(const char* fileName) {
            mBuffer.open(fileName, std::stringstream::out);
        }
        void close() {
            mBuffer.close();
        }
        template<class T>
        BasicE3OutStream& operator<<(T val) {
            (*mLineBuffer)<<val;
            return (*this);
        }
        void addLineFeed() {
            std::string modifier;
            modifier="";
            if (mDebug)
                modifier+="[DEBUG] ";
            else if (mMemory)
                modifier+="[MEMORY] ";
            mBuffer<<modifier<<mLineBuffer->str()<<"n";
            mLineBuffer->str("");
            resetModifiers();
        }
        void flush() {
            mBuffer.flush();
            resetModifiers();
        }
        void setFlag(int f) {
            if (f==0)
                mDebug=true;
            else if (f==1)
                mMemory=true;
        }
    public:
        std::ofstream mBuffer;
        std::stringstream* mLineBuffer;
        bool mDebug, mMemory;
};
BasicE3OutStream& endl(BasicE3OutStream& os) {
    os.addLineFeed();
    return (os);
}
BasicE3OutStream& flush(BasicE3OutStream& os) {
    os.flush();
    return (os);
}
BasicE3OutStream& debug(BasicE3OutStream& os) {
    os.setFlag(0);
    return (os);
}
BasicE3OutStream& memory(BasicE3OutStream& os) {
    os.setFlag(1);
    return (os);
}
/**
 * Io manipulator, allows to use endl and other modificators
 */
BasicE3OutStream& operator<<(
        BasicE3OutStream &s
        , BasicE3OutStream& (*iomanip)(BasicE3OutStream&)) {
    return (iomanip(s));
}

typedef BasicE3OutStream E3OutStream;
int main() {
    E3OutStream s;
    s.open("output.txt");
    s<<debug<<"Debug info"<<endl;
    s<<flush;
    s<<memory<<"Memory info"<<endl;
    s<<flush;
    s.close();
}

问题的核心是向流发送函数指针,GCC似乎知道如何处理,但MSVC++不知道。不管怎样,我怀疑您是否希望保存debug/endl/flush/memory函数的地址。

下一步的解决方案是使对象而不是显示的函数。

然而,这段代码有很多错误。也就是说,已经存在endlflush对象,您应该使用它们。此外,每个BasicE3OutStream都有三个底层流,其中一个是从中继承的,所有函数都在其上工作(包括endl等,我认为这就是您替换它们的原因),以及mBuffermLineBuffer(您正在做的事情不需要这两个成员)。(另一个旁注,用mLineBuffer.str("");重置字符串流,而不是放置新的)

执行所需操作的简单方法是重载basic_ostream的每个operator<<成员,并且只要有换行符,就可以插入[DEBUG][MEMORY]作为相应的前缀,不需要缓冲。(我已经做到了,这并不难)

可能有一种right的方法可以做到这一点,即使用具有不同字符特征的流,或者重载某些虚拟函数,或者替换缓冲区,但流很复杂,我不知道这种right方法。