使用CMake的Boost.Log导致未定义的引用错误

Boost.Log with CMake causing undefined reference error

本文关键字：未定义 引用 错误 Log CMake Boost 使用      更新时间：2023-10-16

我正试图在我正在进行的一个项目中使用新的Boost.Log库。该项目是用CMake构建的。我收到链接错误，声称链接器遇到了对Boost.Log 的未定义引用

Linking CXX executable main
CMakeFiles/main.dir/main.cpp.o: In function `main':
main.cpp:(.text+0x30): undefined reference to `boost::log::v2s_mt_posix::trivial::logger::get()'

我有一个简单的helloworld测试，由于这些错误而失败。如果我链接Boost.Log库，是什么导致它生成未定义的引用错误？

main.cpp:

#include <boost/log/trivial.hpp>
int main(int argc, char* const argv[]) {
  BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << "Hello World";
}

CMakeLists.txt:

CMAKE_MINIMUM_REQUIRED(VERSION 2.8)
FIND_PACKAGE(Boost 1.54 COMPONENTS log REQUIRED)
FIND_PACKAGE(Threads)
INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES(${Boost_INCLUDE_DIR})
ADD_EXECUTABLE(main main.cpp)
TARGET_LINK_LIBRARIES(main ${Boost_LOG_LIBRARY} ${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT})

编辑：cmake的详细输出并生成

cmake:

-- [ /usr/share/cmake-2.8/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:476 ] _boost_TEST_VERSIONS = 1.56.0;1.56;1.55.0;1.55;1.54.0;1.54
-- [ /usr/share/cmake-2.8/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:478 ] Boost_USE_MULTITHREADED = TRUE
-- [ /usr/share/cmake-2.8/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:480 ] Boost_USE_STATIC_LIBS = 
-- [ /usr/share/cmake-2.8/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:482 ] Boost_USE_STATIC_RUNTIME = 
-- [ /usr/share/cmake-2.8/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:484 ] Boost_ADDITIONAL_VERSIONS = 
-- [ /usr/share/cmake-2.8/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:486 ] Boost_NO_SYSTEM_PATHS = 
-- [ /usr/share/cmake-2.8/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:538 ] Declared as CMake or Environmental Variables:
-- [ /usr/share/cmake-2.8/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:540 ]   BOOST_ROOT = 
-- [ /usr/share/cmake-2.8/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:542 ]   BOOST_INCLUDEDIR = 
-- [ /usr/share/cmake-2.8/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:544 ]   BOOST_LIBRARYDIR = 
-- [ /usr/share/cmake-2.8/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:546 ] _boost_TEST_VERSIONS = 1.56.0;1.56;1.55.0;1.55;1.54.0;1.54
-- [ /usr/share/cmake-2.8/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:639 ] location of version.hpp: /usr/include/boost/version.hpp
-- [ /usr/share/cmake-2.8/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:663 ] version.hpp reveals boost 1.54.0
-- [ /usr/share/cmake-2.8/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:739 ] guessed _boost_COMPILER = -gcc48
-- [ /usr/share/cmake-2.8/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:749 ] _boost_MULTITHREADED = -mt
-- [ /usr/share/cmake-2.8/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:792 ] _boost_RELEASE_ABI_TAG = -
-- [ /usr/share/cmake-2.8/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:794 ] _boost_DEBUG_ABI_TAG = -d
-- [ /usr/share/cmake-2.8/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:842 ] _boost_LIBRARY_SEARCH_DIRS = /usr/lib64;NO_DEFAULT_PATH
-- [ /usr/share/cmake-2.8/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:930 ] Searching for LOG_LIBRARY_RELEASE: boost_log-gcc48-mt-1_54;boost_log-gcc48-mt;boost_log-mt-1_54;boost_log-mt;boost_log
-- [ /usr/share/cmake-2.8/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:966 ] Searching for LOG_LIBRARY_DEBUG: boost_log-gcc48-mt-d-1_54;boost_log-gcc48-mt-d;boost_log-mt-d-1_54;boost_log-mt-d;boost_log-mt;boost_log
-- [ /usr/share/cmake-2.8/Modules/FindBoost.cmake:1017 ] Boost_FOUND = 1
-- Boost version: 1.54.0
-- Found the following Boost libraries:
--   log
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /home/durrw/boost-log-test/build

品牌：

/usr/bin/cmake -H/home/durrw/boost-log-test -B/home/durrw/boost-log-test/build --check-build-system CMakeFiles/Makefile.cmake 0
/usr/bin/cmake -E cmake_progress_start /home/durrw/boost-log-test/build/CMakeFiles /home/durrw/boost-log-test/build/CMakeFiles/progress.marks
make -f CMakeFiles/Makefile2 all
make[1]: Entering directory `/home/durrw/boost-log-test/build'
make -f CMakeFiles/main.dir/build.make CMakeFiles/main.dir/depend
make[2]: Entering directory `/home/durrw/boost-log-test/build'
cd /home/durrw/boost-log-test/build && /usr/bin/cmake -E cmake_depends "Unix Makefiles" /home/durrw/boost-log-test /home/durrw/boost-log-test /home/durrw/boost-log-test/build /home/durrw/boost-log-test/build /home/durrw/boost-log-test/build/CMakeFiles/main.dir/DependInfo.cmake --color=
make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/durrw/boost-log-test/build'
make -f CMakeFiles/main.dir/build.make CMakeFiles/main.dir/build
make[2]: Entering directory `/home/durrw/boost-log-test/build'
Linking CXX executable main
/usr/bin/cmake -E cmake_link_script CMakeFiles/main.dir/link.txt --verbose=1
/usr/bin/c++       CMakeFiles/main.dir/main.cpp.o  -o main -rdynamic -lboost_log -lpthread 
CMakeFiles/main.dir/main.cpp.o: In function `main':
main.cpp:(.text+0x39): undefined reference to `boost::log::v2s_mt_posix::trivial::logger::get()'

看起来它可以归结为链接到共享版本的Boost.Log.

Boost.Log的文档中有一些关于这个问题的细节。您的错误消息提到了命名空间boost::log::v2s_mt_posix，从文档中，这意味着链接器希望链接到Boost.Log.的静态版本

如果您想链接到共享版本，似乎需要定义BOOST_LOG_DYN_LINK或BOOST_ALL_DYN_LINK，即在您的CMakeLists.txt中添加：

ADD_DEFINITIONS(-DBOOST_LOG_DYN_LINK)

如果你想链接到Boost.Log的静态版本，你需要在调用FIND_PACKAGE(Boost ...):之前添加一个CMake变量

SET(Boost_USE_STATIC_LIBS ON)
FIND_PACKAGE(Boost 1.54 COMPONENTS log REQUIRED)

有关影响CMake如何查找Boost的更多变量，请参阅FindBoost的文档。

对于CMake 3.15（和一些早期版本），以下内容似乎足以构建Boost。使用CMake登录时不会出现原始链接器错误：

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.15)
project(boost_log_tutorial)
SET(Boost_USE_STATIC_LIBS ON)           # link statically
#ADD_DEFINITIONS(-DBOOST_LOG_DYN_LINK)  # or, link dynamically
find_package(Boost 1.69.0 COMPONENTS log REQUIRED)
add_executable(boost_log_tutorial main.cpp)
target_link_libraries(boost_log_tutorial Boost::log_setup Boost::log)

关键似乎是针对Boost:log_setup和Boost::log进行链接，并指定与SET(Boost_USE_STATIC_LIBS ON)或ADD_DEFINITIONS(-DBOOST_LOG_DYN_LINK)的静态或动态链接。

此外，请确保Conan的构建类型（Debug或Release）与CMake的构建类型匹配。例如：

$ conan install -s build_type=Debug ..
$ cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug ..

如果它们不匹配，那么链接将以相同的错误失败。

是Boost_INLUDE_DIRS而不是Boost_INCLUDE_DIR。

您可以尝试启用Boost_USE_STATIC_LIBS

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