霍夫曼编码器-递归,编码功能失败

Huffman Encoder - Recursive, coding function fail

本文关键字:编码 功能 失败 递归 编码器 霍夫曼      更新时间:2023-10-16

我正在开发一个霍夫曼代码生成器。下面是我制作这棵树的功能。该树基于对象指针的矢量。我检查过了,它似乎工作正常。我现在想将指针在pointerVect[0]的位置(它应该是树的根)传递给下面的霍夫曼编码递归函数,但由于某种原因,它无法正常工作,因为当我试图打印存储代码的映射的内容时,没有打印出任何内容。

class asciiChar  //Individual character module >>> Base Class
{
public:
    void setCharValue (char letter)
    {
        charValue = letter;
    }
    char getCharValue ()
    {
        return charValue;
    }
    void incrementCharCount ()
    {
        charCount++;
    }
    int getCharCount()
    {
        return charCount;
    }
    virtual asciiChar * getLeft()
    {
        return left;
    }
    virtual asciiChar * getRight()
    {
        return right;
    }

    asciiChar(char c, int f)  //Constructor
    {
        charValue = c;
        charCount = f;
    }

    asciiChar & operator= (const asciiChar & other)  //Overloaded assignment operator
    {
        charValue = other.charValue;
        charCount = other.charCount;
        return *this;
    }

    char charValue;
    int charCount = 0;
    asciiChar * left = NULL;
    asciiChar * right = NULL;
};

class parentNode : public asciiChar  //Connector node
{
public:
    parentNode(asciiChar c0, asciiChar c1) : asciiChar(NULL, c0.getCharCount() + c1.getCharCount())
    {
        left = &c0;
        right = &c1;
    }
    ~parentNode()
    {
        if (left) delete left;
        if (right) delete right;
    }
};

asciiChar* createTree (vector<asciiChar> sortedVector)
{
    vector<asciiChar*> pointerVect;
    pointerVect.reserve(sortedVector.size());
    for(int i=0; i < sortedVector.size(); i++)
    {
        pointerVect.push_back(new asciiChar(sortedVector[i].getCharValue(), sortedVector[i].getCharCount()));
    }
    while (pointerVect.size() > 1)
    {
        asciiChar * newL = pointerVect.back();
        pointerVect.pop_back();
        asciiChar * newR = pointerVect.back();
        pointerVect.pop_back();
        asciiChar * parent = new parentNode(* newL, * newR);
        pointerVect.push_back(parent);
        vectSort2 (pointerVect);
    }
    return pointerVect[0]; //Returns pointer at very top (The root of the tree)
}

我怀疑你的第一个函数是"createTree"

正如我最初的评论所指出的,出于各种原因,您应该考虑使用优先级队列。以下是我注意到的问题的快速列表

  • 您正在对指针向量进行排序。因此,指针将根据它们的地址值而不是它们所指向的对象进行排序。但是,您可能正在提供一个比较器。如果是这种情况,请忽略此项目符号
  • 每次循环迭代时解析向量为O(nLog(n)),其中插入优先级队列并保持排序顺序为O(Log(n)
  • 由于您对指针进行排序,因此向量的索引0不能保证是树的根

请考虑使用优先级队列:在头文件中

 #include <queue>
// Comparator for priority queue. Use this so it compared what the pointers point too  and not the pointers themselves. This way the frequencies are used for the
// comparisons. This forces the priority queue to order from lowest freq
// to the highest frequency
struct CompareHuffChars : public binary_function<asciiChar*, asciiChar*, bool>
{
    bool operator()(const asciiChar* left, const asciiChar* right) const
    {
        // Be sure to add functionality to get frequency for each asciiChar object
        return left->getFrequency() > right->getFrequency();
    }
}; // end struct
priority_queue<asciiChar*,vector<asciiChar*>,CompareHuffChars > * bytePriorityQueue;
asciiChar * huffmanTree; // Pointer to assign to root node of tree when found

在实现文件中。。。。

while (!(this->bytePriorityQueue->empty())) {
    asciiChar * qtop = this->bytePriorityQueue->top();
    this->bytePriorityQueue->pop();
if (this->bytePriorityQueue->empty()) {
        // Found the root asciiChar node
        this->huffmanTree = qtop; // huffManTree = asciiChar *
    } else {
        // There are more asciiChar nodes so we need to grab the 2nd from top
        // and combine their frequencies into a new asciiChar node and insert it
        // back into the priority queue
        asciiChar * newNode;
        asciiCharChar * qtopSecond = this->bytePriorityQueue->top();
        // Remove it from the queue
        this->bytePriorityQueue->pop();
        // Now create a new asciiChar node with the added frequences
        // qtopSecond should always be > or = qtop
        // which will adhere to the binary tree structure
        // This assumes asciiChar adds the frequencies of qtop and qtopSecond in constructor
        newNode = new asciiChar(qtop,qtopSecond);
        // Push the new node into the p queue
        // Stays sorted with Log(n) insertion
        this->bytePriorityQueue->push(newNode);
        // Now repeat this until the tree is formed (1 node left in queue)
    } // end if
} // end while
//The p queue should now be completely empty (len =0)
}

现在,我的版本需要对asciiChar进行一点重构。但是,这种方法应该比发布的方法更好,并解决您的错误。

编辑

好吧,我想我已经发现了你的错误。在asciiChar的头文件中,getLeft和getRight函数是虚拟函数。这意味着,当您有一个asciiChar*类型的基指针指向parentNode(子类)类型的对象时,它将调用父对象(asciiChar)的getLeft和getRight函数,该函数将始终返回NULL。您在子类(parentNode)中重新声明了一个left和right,因为这些成员变量在父类中是公共的,所以不需要这样做。使getLeft和getRight函数成为虚拟函数,并删除parentNode类中left和right的声明以及它们各自的getter函数。

// In aschiiChar
virtual asciiChar * getLeft()
{
    return left;
}
virtual asciiChar * getRight()
{
    return right;
}

旁注:在删除之前,如果指针为NULL,则应检查析构函数。

if (left) delete left;
if (right) delete right;

最终编辑

感谢您发布更多信息。好吧,你的问题归结为以下几点:

// This is your parentNode constructor
parentNode(asciiChar c0, asciiChar c1) : asciiChar(NULL, c0.getCharCount() + c1.getCharCount())
{
    left = &c0;
    right = &c1;
}
// This is what the parentNode constructor should look like
parentNode(asciiChar * c0, asciiChar * c1) : asciiChar(NULL, c0->getCharCount() + c1->getCharCount())
{
    left = c0;
    right = c1;
}

最后。。。

asciiChar* createTree (vector<asciiChar> sortedVector)
{
vector<asciiChar*> pointerVect;
pointerVect.reserve(sortedVector.size());
for(int i=0; i < sortedVector.size(); i++)
{
    pointerVect.push_back(new asciiChar(sortedVector[i].getCharValue(), sortedVector[i].getCharCount()));
}
while (pointerVect.size() > 1)
{
    asciiChar * newL = pointerVect.back();
    pointerVect.pop_back();
    asciiChar * newR = pointerVect.back();
    pointerVect.pop_back();
    // CHANGE HERE
    // Don't dereference the pointers. If you dereference them you are passing by value
    // and creating copies in the constructor which are destroyed upon exit of the constructor
    asciiChar * parent = new parentNode( newL,  newR);
    pointerVect.push_back(parent);
    vectSort2 (pointerVect);
}
return pointerVect[0]; //Returns pointer at very top (The root of the tree)
}

您的问题归结为传递值并将本地副本的地址分配给parentNode的成员变量指针。parentNode中的这些指针指向不存在的内存或不属于它们的内存。

希望这能帮助。。。