使用向量对某些预定义字符串进行哔哔声处理

好的，让我解释一个简单的方法。有更优雅的方法，但现在重要的是，你要了解如何访问std::vector以及如何正确地组成控制结构。

步骤1-循环遍历矢量的所有元素

您可以使用迭代器遍历向量的所有元素。

for(vector<string>::const_iterator it = dislike.begin(); it != dislike.end(); ++it) {
   // now *it gives access to the current element (here: current dislike word)
   if (*it == words) {
       // ... yeah, we found out the current word is on the list!
   }         
}

通过调用begin()，可以获得向量中第一个元素的迭代器，然后继续递增(++it(，直到到达向量的末尾。我在这里使用const_iterator，因为我不打算修改任何元素，如果需要，请使用iterator。

对于std::vector，也可以通过[index]进行索引(但通常不推荐(：

for(size_t i = 0;i < dislike.size(); ++i) {
   // dislike[i] is the current element
   if (dislike[i] == words) {
      // huuuuray! another BEEEP candidate
   }
}

第2步-尽早打破循环

一旦你确定我们有一个不喜欢的词，你就不需要进一步搜索向量了。

for(vector<string>::const_iterator it = dislike.begin(); it != dislike.end(); ++it) {   
  if (*it == words) {
     // we found a positive match, so beep and get out of here
     cout << "Bleep!" << endl;
     break;
  }         
}

第3步-如果我们已经处理了一个单词，请记下

bool is_beep = false;
for(vector<string>::const_iterator it = dislike.begin(); it != dislike.end(); ++it) {   
  if (*it == words) {
     // we found a positive match, so beep and get out of here
     cout << "Bleep!" << endl;
     is_beep = true;
     break;
  }         
}
// this is not a dislike word if is_beep is false, so print it as usual
if (!is_beep) {
   cout << words << endl;
}

第4步-把它们放在一起

int main()
{
    vector<string>dislike;
    dislike.push_back("Potatoes");
    dislike.push_back("Peanuts");
    dislike.push_back("Coconut");
    string words = " ";
    cout << "Please enter some words: " << endl;
    while(cin>>words)
    {
        bool is_beep = false;
        for(vector<string>::const_iterator it = dislike.begin(); it != dislike.end(); ++it) {   
           if (*it == words) {
            // we found a positive match, so beep and get out of here
            cout << "Bleep!" << endl;
            is_beep = true;
            break;
          }         
        }
       // this is not a dislike word if is_beep is false, so print it as usual
       if (!is_beep) {
            cout << words << endl;
       }
    }
    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

查看std::find，了解更惯用的解决方案——它基本上为您省去了内部循环。如果您重新构造一点，您还可以在最后一个代码示例中去掉bool。我将把它作为一个练习留给您(提示：保持迭代器的活动状态，并在终止循环后检查其值(。

int main()
{
    vector<string> dislike;
    dislike.push_back("Potatoes");
    dislike.push_back("Peanuts");
    dislike.push_back("Coconut");
    string words;
    cout << "Please enter some words: " << endl;
    while(cin >> words)
    {
        if(find(dislike.begin(), dislike.end(), words) != dislike.end())
        {
            cout << "Bleep!" << endl;
        }
        else
        {
            cout << words << endl;
        }
    }
    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

对于std::find，将#include <algorithm>添加到源中。

使用std:：find(your_vector.egin((，your_vector.end((，words(

int main()
{
    vector<string>dislike;
    dislike.push_back("Potatoes");
    dislike.push_back("Peanuts");
    dislike.push_back("Coconut");
    string words = " ";
    cout << "Please enter some words: " << endl;
    while(cin>>words)
    {
        if(std::find(dislike.begin(), dislike.end(), words) != dislike.end())
        {
            cout << "Bleep!" << endl;
        }
        else
        {
            cout << words << endl;
        }
    }
    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

这是我在读这本书时对书中那个特定问题的解决方案。：(希望它是不言自明的。

/*THE QUESTION GOES LIKE;
Write a program that “bleeps” out words that you don’t like; that is, you read in words    
using cin and print them again on cout. If a word is among a few you have defined, you
write out BLEEP instead of that word. Start with one “disliked word” such as string
disliked = “Broccoli”; 
When that works, add a few more.*/

#include "std_lib_facilities.h"  // this is a standard library header that came with 
the book
int main () {
vector<string> dislike = {"Dislike", "Alike", "Hello", "Water"};   /* defining a vector  
for the disliked words. */
vector<string> words;  //initializing vector for the read words.
cout << "Please enter some wordsn";   //prompt user to enter some words.
for( string word; cin >> word;)  //this current word typed is read in.
    words.push_back(word);   // word read in are pushed into the vector "words".
sort(words);  /* function for the standard library for sorting data...this makes the data from the vector "words" appears in alphabetical order. */
for (int i=0; i<words.size(); ++i){   /*this acts as an iterator. and goes through all the element of the vector "words".  */
    if(i==0 || words[i-1]!=words[i]){   /*this prevents the words from repeating....just an option incase the user enters same kinda words twice or more. */
        if(words[i]!=dislike[0] && words[i]!=dislike[1] && words[i]!=dislike[2] && words[i]!=dislike[3])  /*This test checks whether the words typed match any of the elements of the vector "dislike".if they don't match;   */
            cout << words[i]<< 'n';  //prints out the words.
        else
            cout << "BlEEP!n";   //if they match....print out "BlEEP!".
       }
   }

}

我正在学习C++。此程序已更改了一些。编写一个程序，"哔哔"地说出你不喜欢的脏话；即，你用cin阅读单词，然后在cout上再次打印。如果一个单词是你定义的几个单词中的一个，你可以写出BLEEP，或者把它变成BLEEP(声音(，而不是那个单词。以一个"坏单词"开头，例如--string badword="arse"；当这起作用时，再添加几个，或者根据你不想打印出来的所有坏单词编写一个完整的程序。

while (cin >> words)
{
    if(find(badwords.begin(), badwords.end(),words) !=badwords.end())
    {
        cout << "      " << endl; // You can put Bleep in or leave it out (Blank) if blank
                                  // it will leave a blank in the phrase when it prints
        Beep(523,500);            // This is to Bleep (Sound) when a bad word is found
        cin.get();                
    }
    else
    {
        cout << words << endl;
    }
}

自从有人给出答案后，我对程序进行了一些更改。这是你要学习的。这在Visual Studio Express 2012 上运行

我已经使用前几章中已经学到的思想解决了这个问题，而不是超出您的理解范围。

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
int main()
{ 
vector<string> disliked;
//adding disliked words to the vector
disliked.push_back("dog");
disliked.push_back("cat");
disliked.push_back("goat");
disliked.push_back("cow");
disliked.push_back("sheep");
disliked.push_back("pig");

string words=""; //this variable will store the input from the user.
while(cin>>words)
    {//test every entered word to see if it's equal to any word listed in   disliked words.
        if(words==disliked[0] ||//or
           words==disliked[1] ||//or
           words==disliked[2] ||//or
           words==disliked[3] ||//or
           words==disliked[4] ||//or
           words==disliked[5]){
                               cout<<"Bleeps";}
        else{
             cout<<words;}
}
return 0;
//Not that I have not gone beyond what has been covered in the previous chapters.
//I know their are beautiful solutions to this problem. 
//Keep learning you will know everything.

}

这个问题很久很久以前就被问到了，所以作者在这一点上可能是专业的，哈哈，但对于任何寻求相同答案的人来说，这里有一个更简单但有效的解决方案。我从一开始就通过Bjarne的书学习，所以我还没有被更高的知识所"影响"，让你感到困惑，而是根据我们在书中的进展，找到了足够好的解决方案。：(

// program that bleeps out words we dont like
vector <string> words;
vector <string> bwords = {"this", "that", "then"}; //bleeped words
string sword; // temporary word
cout << "Enter few words: ";
for (string tword; cin >> tword;)  // read in words
    words.push_back(tword);
//check if they match beeped words
cout << "nnWords:n";
for (int i = 0; i < words.size(); i++)    //take word[i] from the vector
{  
    sword = words[i];    // temporary variable is now word[i]
    for (int j = 0; j < bwords.size(); j++)   // take beeped word[j] from saved words
    {
            if (words[i] == bwords[j]) // is word[i] same as bleeped word[j]
            sword = "BLEEP";  // if word[i] is same then replace sword with BEEP
    }
    cout << sword << "n"; // now we checked first word and if it matches with any of the bleeped words then it will cout bleep, otherwise it will cout first word.
}

现在，在这个例子中，你可以添加许多新的哔哔声单词，而不需要更改代码。这不是"现实生活"编程中的最佳解决方案，但在这本书中，我们学习了向量(不是很多(、cout、cin。。等等，所以其他任何事情看起来都很困惑。。在这之前，我们还不知道使用：，begin，true/fals，cin.get或类似的东西。

//Josef.L
//2019/7/11
int main(void){
    vector <string> inpute;
    for(string pat; cin >>pat;){
        inpute.push_back(pat);
    }
    for(int i=0; i < inpute.size(); i++){
        if("work"== inpute[i]){
            cout<<"bleep! "<<endl;}
        else if("life" == inpute[i]){
            cout<<"bleep! "<<endl;
        }
        else if("broccoli" == inpute[i]){
            cout<<"bleep! "<<endl;
        }
        else if("homework" == inpute[i]){
            cout<<"bleep! "<<endl;
        }
        else{
            cout <<inpute[i]<<endl;
        }
    }
return 0;}
//However, the entire source code is too long and boring, so there should be an improvement.

这是我的解决方案，您可以在不更改代码的情况下添加任意多的单词。

#include "std_lib_facilities.h"

int main()
{
    vector<string> dislike;
    dislike.push_back("Potatoes");
    dislike.push_back("Peanuts");
    dislike.push_back("Coconut");
    vector<string> words;
    for (string temp_word; cin >> temp_word; )
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < dislike.size(); ++i)
        {
            if (temp_word == dislike[i])
            {
                words.push_back("BLEEP");
                break;
            }
            else if (i == dislike.size() - 1 && temp_word != dislike[dislike.size() - 1])
            {
                words.push_back(temp_word);
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    for (string temp_word : words)
    {
        cout << temp_word << ' ';
    }
    
    keep_window_open();
}

"简单可能比复杂更难：你必须努力工作，让你的思维变得干净，才能让它变得简单。但最终这是值得的，因为一旦你做到了，你就可以移山倒海。"―Steve Jobs

#include "std_lib_facilities.h"
int main()
{
    
    vector<string>disliked;
    disliked.push_back("Apple"); 
    disliked.push_back("OliveOil");
    disliked.push_back("Strawberry");
    disliked.push_back("Lemon");
    
    cout<<"Please type some words:"<<"n";
    string words=" ";
    while(cin>>words)
    
    {
        if (words==disliked[0] | words==disliked[1]|
            words==disliked[2] | words==disliked[3])
            
        {cout<<"BLEEP"<<"n";}
    
      else{cout<<words<<"n";}
    }
    keep_window_open();
}