如何在C++上使用WinHTTP进行HTTPS调用(POST请求）
How to make HTTPS calls (POST requests) using WinHTTP on C++?
我正在C++上编写程序，以便使用WinHTTP对Java Servlet进行调用（POST请求）。当我通过HTTP请求POST时，一切正常，当我通过HTTPS请求时就会出现问题。它向服务器发送空请求，但切断请求主体（但它有内容）
int sendPostRequest(char *pszPostData, LPCTSTR servletUrl, char* resultBuffer, ofstream &outputFile) {
outputFile << "====================================== SENDING REEQUEST ======================================" << endl;
HINTERNET hSession = WinHttpOpen(
userAgent,
WINHTTP_ACCESS_TYPE_NO_PROXY,
WINHTTP_NO_PROXY_NAME,
WINHTTP_NO_PROXY_BYPASS,
0);
if (!hSession)
{
_tprintf(_TEXT("Failed to open WinHTTP session: %ldn"), GetLastError());
outputFile << "Failed to open WinHTTP session: %ldn" << GetLastError() << endl;
return NULL;
}
else {
_tprintf(_TEXT("Oppening WinHTTP session successful: %ldn"), GetLastError());
outputFile << "Oppening WinHTTP session successful: %ldn" << GetLastError() << endl;
}
HINTERNET hConnect = WinHttpConnect(
hSession,
serverIP,
serverPort,
0);
if (!hConnect)
{
_tprintf(_TEXT("Failed to connect to server: %ldn"), GetLastError());
outputFile << "Failed to connect to server: %ldn" << GetLastError() << endl;
WinHttpCloseHandle(hSession);
return NULL;
}
else {
_tprintf(_TEXT("Connection to server successful: %ldn"), GetLastError());
outputFile << "Connection to server successful: %ldn" << GetLastError() << endl;
}
_tprintf(_TEXT("Post data : %ldn"), pszPostData);
outputFile << "Post data : %ldn" << pszPostData << endl;
DWORD dwDataLen = strlen(pszPostData);
HINTERNET hRequest = WinHttpOpenRequest(
hConnect,
_TEXT("POST"),
servletUrl,
NULL,
WINHTTP_NO_REFERER,
WINHTTP_DEFAULT_ACCEPT_TYPES,
WINHTTP_FLAG_REFRESH);
if (!hRequest)
{
_tprintf(_TEXT("Failed to open request: %ldn"), GetLastError());
outputFile << "Failed to open request: %ldn" << GetLastError() << endl;
WinHttpCloseHandle(hConnect);
WinHttpCloseHandle(hSession);
return -1;
}
else {
_tprintf(_TEXT("Opening request successful: %ldn"), GetLastError());
outputFile << "Opening request successful: %ldn" << GetLastError() << endl;
}
DWORD dwReqOpts = 0;
DWORD dwSize = sizeof(DWORD);
WinHttpSetOption(
hRequest,
WINHTTP_OPTION_SECURITY_FLAGS,
&dwReqOpts,
sizeof(DWORD));
BOOL done = false;
BOOL rc = WinHttpSendRequest(
hRequest,
contentTypeHeader,
-1,
(LPVOID)pszPostData,
dwDataLen,
dwDataLen,
NULL);
if (rc) {
rc = WinHttpReceiveResponse(hRequest, NULL);
_tprintf(_TEXT("Sending request successful: %ldn"), GetLastError());
outputFile << "Sending request successful: %ldn" << GetLastError() << endl;
}
else
{
_tprintf(_TEXT("Send request failed: %ldn"), GetLastError());
outputFile << "Send request failed: %ldn" << GetLastError() << endl;
WinHttpCloseHandle(hRequest);
WinHttpCloseHandle(hConnect);
WinHttpCloseHandle(hSession);
return -1;
}
// Get the status from the server
DWORD dwCode = 0;
if (rc)
{
rc = WinHttpQueryHeaders(
hRequest,
WINHTTP_QUERY_STATUS_CODE | WINHTTP_QUERY_FLAG_NUMBER,
NULL,
&dwCode,
&dwSize,
NULL);
}
if (dwCode != HTTP_STATUS_OK)
{
_tprintf(_TEXT("HTTP Request failed: %ldn"), dwCode);
outputFile << "HTTP Request failed: %ldn" << dwCode << endl;
WinHttpCloseHandle(hRequest);
WinHttpCloseHandle(hConnect);
WinHttpCloseHandle(hSession);
}
else
{
_tprintf(_TEXT("HTTP Request is ok: %ldn"), dwCode);
outputFile << "HTTP Request is ok : %ldn" << dwCode << endl;
// Keep reading from the remote server until there's nothing left to read
DWORD dwBytesToBeRead = 0, dwBytesRead = 0;
//char szBuffer[8192] = { 0 };
//strcpy(resultBuffer, "");
do
{
if (!WinHttpQueryDataAvailable(hRequest, &dwBytesToBeRead))
{
_tprintf(_TEXT("No data available from server? %ld"), GetLastError());
outputFile << "No data available from server? %ld" << GetLastError() << endl;
WinHttpCloseHandle(hRequest);
WinHttpCloseHandle(hConnect);
WinHttpCloseHandle(hSession);
return -1;
}
if (!WinHttpReadData(
hRequest,
//szBuffer,
resultBuffer,
//sizeof(szBuffer),
RESULT_BUFFER_SIZE,
&dwBytesRead))
{
_tprintf(_TEXT("Failed to read data from server: %ld"), GetLastError());
outputFile << "Failed to read data from server: %ld" << GetLastError() << endl;
WinHttpCloseHandle(hRequest);
WinHttpCloseHandle(hConnect);
WinHttpCloseHandle(hSession);
return -1;
}
if (dwBytesRead > 0)
{
//szBuffer[dwBytesRead] = 0;
resultBuffer[dwBytesRead] = 0; // NULL-terminated returned buffer
}
} while (dwBytesRead > 0);
WinHttpCloseHandle(hRequest);
WinHttpCloseHandle(hConnect);
WinHttpCloseHandle(hSession);
return 0;
}
return -1;
}
其中pszPostData-请求体的内容，servletUrl-Servlet（端点）的url，resultBuffer-调用结果将写入该缓冲区，outputFile-日志文件。
那么，如何在不剪切请求正文的情况下进行HTTPS调用呢？
关于WinHttpSendRequest方法，在第二个参数插入：L"content-type:application/x-www-form-urlencoded"和第三个参数-1，根据w3。
它应该可以进行此更正。
另外，检查你的.php文件的编码，有一次给我带来了麻烦。
我今天遇到了这个问题，因为我面临着一个非常类似的问题。在WinHttpConnect()中，我将pswzServerName作为"example.com"发送。问题是，在Apache中，我强制将domain.com重定向到www.domain.com，并将http重定向到https。由于我在WinHttpConnect()中指定了example.com，此重定向导致未发送POST数据、内容长度标头错误和内容类型标头错误。
有两种解决方案，最后一种是最佳选择：
Removing my htaccess non-www to www and http to https redirect
OR
just changing `pswzServerName` to 'www.example.com' (including the www.) in WinHttpConnect()
花了很长时间试图弄清楚为什么winhttp不起作用，因为这很容易被忽视，所以希望它能帮助其他可能处境相同的人。
即使这是一个老问题，这也可能有所帮助：
将WINHTTP_FLAG_SECURE添加到WinHttpOpenRequest中，它应该可以工作。
...
HINTERNET hRequest = WinHttpOpenRequest(
hConnect,
_TEXT("POST"),
servletUrl,
NULL,
WINHTTP_NO_REFERER,
WINHTTP_DEFAULT_ACCEPT_TYPES,
WINHTTP_FLAG_REFRESH+WINHTTP_FLAG_SECURE); /// Here
...
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- 如何在C++上使用WinHTTP进行HTTPS调用(POST请求）
