如何在bmp中读取像素后的像素

How to read pixel after pixel in bmp

本文关键字:像素 读取 bmp      更新时间:2023-10-16

我有一个问题!我想在24位的位图中得到每个像素的RGB信息。到目前为止,我写了一个代码,这是获得有关位图的信息,但我有一个问题,获得关于每个像素的RGB信息。我希望将这些信息保存在结构像素的标签像素中。你能帮我吗?

我把我的代码放在下面:

     #include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <conio.h>
using namespace std;
#pragma pack(2)
struct BITMAPFILEHEADER             // File header
{ 
  char bfType[2];                   // File type: should be BM ( 0x42 0x4D ) 
  int bfSize;                       // File size in bytes
  short bfReserved1;                // Reserved - for what i have no idea :P 
  short bfReserved2;                // -||-
  int bfOffBits;                    // Offset, adress of the beginning of the information about image (pixels )
};
struct BITMAPINFOHEADER             // Bitmap header
{
  unsigned int biSize;              // Size of this header
  unsigned int biWidth;             // Width of image ( in pixels)
  unsigned int biHeight;            // Height of this image ( in pixels )
  unsigned short biPlanes;          // Numer of color planes, always 1
  unsigned short biBitCount;        // Number of bytes for pixel. Possibility values :1,4,8,16, 24 and 32
  unsigned int biCompression;       // Used compression (0 -none)
  unsigned int biSizeImage;         // Size of image 
  signed int biXPelsPerMeter;       // Horizontal resolution of the image (pixel per meter)
  signed int biYPelsPerMeter;       // Vertical resolution of the image (pixel per meter)
  unsigned int biClrUsed;           // Number of colors in the color palette, or 0 to default to 2^n ( 0- no palette)
  unsigned int biClrImportant;      // Number of important colors used
};

#pragma pack(push, 1)
struct Pixel{
    unsigned int blue;  // or double?
    unsigned int green;
    unsigned int red;
    //unsigned char reserved;
};
#pragma pack(pop)
int main(){
    // Openning the file
    cout << "Openning the file for reading: "<< endl;
    _getch();
    ifstream ifs("moj.bmp", ios::binary);
    if(!ifs){
        cout << " There is no such of file ";
        _getch();
        return 0;   
    } 
    // Reading information about BITMAPFILEHEADER
    char* temp = new char[sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER)];
    ifs.read(temp, sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER));
    BITMAPFILEHEADER* bfh = (BITMAPFILEHEADER*)(temp);
    cout << "n FILHEADERn";
    cout << "n File type: " << bfh->bfType[0] << bfh->bfType[1] << endl;
    cout << " File size: " << bfh->bfSize << endl;
    cout << " Offset(adress of beggining of the image information): " << bfh->bfOffBits << endl;
    _getch();

    // Reading information about BITMAPINFOHEADER
    temp = new char[sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER)];
    ifs.read(temp, sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER));
    BITMAPINFOHEADER* bih = (BITMAPINFOHEADER*)(temp);
    cout << "n INFOHEADERn";
    cout << "n Header size: " << bih->biSize << endl;
    cout << " Image width: " << bih->biWidth << endl;
    cout << " Image height: " << bih->biHeight << endl;
    cout << " Number of bytes for pixel: " << bih->biBitCount << endl;
    cout << " Used compression: " << bih->biCompression << endl;
    cout << " Image size: " << bih->biSizeImage<< endl;
    cout << " Horizontal resolution: " << bih->biXPelsPerMeter << endl;
    cout << " Vertical resolution: " << bih->biYPelsPerMeter << endl;
    cout << " Number of colors in the color palette: " << bih->biClrUsed << endl;
    cout << " Number of important colors used: " << bih->biClrImportant << endl;
    _getch();
    Pixel** pixs = new Pixel*[bih->biHeight];
    for (int i = 0; i < bih->biHeight ; ++i)
        pixs[i] = new Pixel[bih->biWidth];

    ifs.seekg(bfh->bfOffBits, ios::beg); // bfOffBits points for beginning of the image information

               /* I have no idea how to read pixel after pixel in this moment */

    _getch();
    for (int i = 0; i < bih->biHeight; ++i) 
        delete pixs[i];
    delete pixs;
    delete bfh;
    delete bih;
    return 0;
}

这是工作,但我应该如何改变这对一些整数变量?例如:

pixs[i][j]=(unsigned int)r;

不能工作。在这个命令之后[i][j]是一些垃圾…:/

也许一些建议?

当您有偏移图像大小并且您确定图像为24位(每种颜色1byte)时,您可以逐个像素扫描图像缓冲区。

uint8_t* pixelTmp = new uint8_t[3];
for (int i = 0; i != imageSize; ++i) {
    ifs.read(pixelTmp, 3);
    pixelTmp[0]; /* is blue 0-255 */
    pixelTmp[1]; /* is green 0-255 */
    pixelTmp[2]; /* is red 0-255 */
}

pixelTmp[0]的值分配给您自己的像素蓝色,等等…

首先,BITMAPINFOHEADERbiBitCount字段是不是每像素的字节数,它是比特数

这是从原始数据中读取一个像素所需的位数。对于24位像素,只需按照Alessandro Pezzato或Ben的答案阅读。32位像素包含一个额外的字节,通常包含一个alpha通道(像素的透明度)。有多种不同的16位格式,8位格式通常是颜色表的索引。我不知道4位格式,但1位是纯黑白的(0是黑色,1是白色)

对于8、16、24和32位格式,读取1到4个字节并根据颜色格式进行转换。对于小于8(4和1)的值,每次读取一个字节,然后在循环中使用掩码来获取比特,并存储在您的内部格式中。

如图所示,1个像素使用3个字节。这意味着第一个字节是蓝色的,第二个是绿色的,第三个是红色的。现在你应该做的是,循环遍历位图文件的其余部分,读取3个单独的字节,并将它们存储在struct中:

char r, g, b;
ifs.read(&b, 1);
ifs.read(&g, 1);
ifs.read(&r, 1);

您可以查看示例1以了解如何存储图像的行。