编译 使用自由过剩的问题

前言

所以我最近一直在用 Code：：Blocks 编写 c++，最近在尝试编译包含 freeglut 的项目时遇到了编译问题。我在 Windows 8 上，我已经根据代码：：blocks wiki 正确安装了 freeglut。我还安装了 git bash 以及 mingw64。问题是我无法编译我的教授(使用 freeglut 的项目(使用 code：：blocks 或使用 gitbash 中的 g++ 命令编写的源代码。

主.cpp：

/* Copyright (c) Mark J. Kilgard, 1996. */
/* This program is freely distributable without licensing fees
and is provided without guarantee or warrantee expressed or
implied. This program is -not- in the public domain. */
#include "Graphics.h"
void display(void)
{
  glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
  setColor(RED);
  drawFilledTriangle(0,0,100,100,200,0);
  setColor(BLUE);
  drawFilledCircle(200,200,150);
  glFlush();  /* Single buffered, so needs a flush. */
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
  graphicsSetup( argc, argv, &display);
  glutMainLoop();
  return 0;
}

图形.cpp

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include "Graphics.h"
#include <cmath>
const double PI = acos(-1.0);
const double ANGLE_STEP      = PI/180.0;
void keyboard(unsigned char key, int x, int y)
{
    if (key == 27)
        exit(1);
}
void clearWindow() {
    glClear( GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT );
}
void setColor(ColorName name) {
    switch(name) {
        case WHITE: glColor3d(1.0, 1.0, 1.0); break;
        case GREY: glColor3d(0.4, 0.4, 0.4); break;
        case BLACK: glColor3d(0.0, 0.0, 0.0); break;
        case RED: glColor3d(1.0, 0.0, 0.0); break;
        case ORANGE: glColor3d(1.0, 0.5, 0.0); break;
        case YELLOW: glColor3d(1.0, 1.0, 0.0); break;
        case GREEN: glColor3d(0.0, 1.0, 0.0); break;
        case FOREST_GREEN: glColor3d(0.0, 0.25, 0.0); break;
        case BLUE: glColor3d(0.0, 0.0, 1.0); break;
        case CYAN: glColor3d(0.0, 1.0, 1.0); break;
        case MIDNIGHT_BLUE: glColor3d(0.0, 0.0, 0.25); break;
        case PURPLE: glColor3d(0.5, 0.25, 0.0); break;
        case MAGENTA: glColor3d(1.0, 0.0, 1.0); break;
        case BROWN: glColor3d(0.36, 0.16, 0.1); break;
        default: cerr << "Trying to set invalid color. Color unchanged" << endl;
    }
}
void graphicsSetup(int argc, char *argv[], void (*display)()) {
  glutInit(&argc, argv);
  glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_RGB);
  if (! glutGet(GLUT_DISPLAY_MODE_POSSIBLE))
     glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_INDEX);
  glutInitWindowPosition(50,50);
  glutInitWindowSize(640, 480);
  glutCreateWindow("single triangle");
  glClearColor(1.0,1.0,1.0,0.0);
  glutDisplayFunc(display);
  // set "esc" key to end program
  glutKeyboardFunc(keyboard);
  // set coordinates to "normal"
  glLoadIdentity();
  glOrtho(0,640,0,480, 1, -1);
}
void drawTriangle(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, int x3, int y3) {
     glBegin(GL_LINE_STRIP);
     glVertex2i(x1,y1);
     glVertex2i(x2,y2);
     glVertex2i(x3,y3);
     glVertex2i(x1,y1);
     glEnd();
}
void drawFilledTriangle(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, int x3, int y3) {
     glBegin(GL_POLYGON);
     glVertex2i(x1,y1);
     glVertex2i(x2,y2);
     glVertex2i(x3,y3);
     glVertex2i(x1,y1);
     glEnd();
}
void drawLine(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2) {
     glBegin(GL_LINE_STRIP);
     glVertex2i(x1,y1);
     glVertex2i(x2,y2);
     glEnd();
}
void drawBox(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2) {
     glBegin(GL_LINE_STRIP);
     glVertex2i(x1,y1);
     glVertex2i(x2,y1);
     glVertex2i(x2,y2);
     glVertex2i(x1,y2);
     glVertex2i(x1,y1);
     glEnd();
}
void drawFilledBox(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2) {
     glBegin(GL_POLYGON);
     glVertex2i(x1,y1);
     glVertex2i(x2,y1);
     glVertex2i(x2,y2);
     glVertex2i(x1,y2);
     glVertex2i(x1,y1);
     glEnd();
}
void drawCircle(int x, int y, int radius) {
     double angle;
     int X, Y;
     glBegin(GL_LINE_STRIP);
     for (angle=0;angle< 2.0*PI + ANGLE_STEP; angle += ANGLE_STEP) {
         X = x + int(double(radius) * cos(angle));
         Y = y + int(double(radius) * sin(angle));
         glVertex2i(X,Y);
     }
     glEnd();
}         
void drawFilledCircle(int x, int y, int radius) {
     double angle;
     int X0, Y0, X1, Y1;
     glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);
     X1 = x + radius;
     Y1 = y;
         for (angle=0;angle< 2.0*PI + ANGLE_STEP; angle += ANGLE_STEP) {
             X0 = X1;
             Y0 = Y1;
             X1 = x + int(double(radius) * cos(angle));
             Y1 = y + int(double(radius) * sin(angle));
             glVertex2i(x,y);
             glVertex2i(X0,Y0);
             glVertex2i(X1,Y1);
         }
         glEnd();
    }    

图形.h

#include <GL/glut.h>
// set the pre-defined colors
enum ColorName {
    WHITE,
    GREY,
    BLACK,
    RED,
    ORANGE,
    YELLOW,
    GREEN,
    FOREST_GREEN,
    BLUE,
    MIDNIGHT_BLUE,
    CYAN,
    PURPLE,
    MAGENTA,
    BROWN,
    NUM_COLORS
};
void clearWindow();
void setColor(ColorName name);
void graphicsSetup(int argc, char *argv[], void (*display)());
// graphic object primatives
void drawTriangle(int x1, int y1,int x2,int y2,int x3,int y3);
void drawLine(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2);
void drawBox(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2); // x-y coords of upper-right     and lower-left corners
void drawCircle(int x, int y, int radius);
// filled graphics primatives
void drawFilledTriangle(int x1, int y1,int x2,int y2,int x3,int y3);
void drawFilledBox(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2);
void drawFilledCircle(int x, int y, int radius);

生成文件

TARGET = test.exe
CXX   = c:usrlocalmingw32bing++.exe
FILES = main.cpp Graphics.cpp
OBJS = $(FILES:.cpp=.o)
GINCS   = -I/usr/local/include/GL 
GLIBS   = -L/usr/local/lib -lfreeglut -lglu32 -lopengl32 -Wl,--subsystem,windows
all:  $(TARGET)
$(TARGET):  $(OBJS)
    $(CXX) -o $(TARGET) $(OBJS) $(GLIBS)
%.o:    %.cpp
    $(CXX) -c $< -o $@ $(GINCS)
clean:
    del $(TARGET) $(OBJS)

在 GIT 中编译

1. 我cd到包含main.cpp ; Graphics.cpp ; Graphics.h ; makefile的目录中。

2. 然后我运行make并得到以下内容，即使我已经将所有 freeglut lib、include 和 bin 内容文件添加到 C：\usr\local\mingw32(include\，lib\，bin( 下的正确目录中，并且 GL\glut.h 肯定在那里......

$ make
c:usrlocalmingw32bing++.exe -c main.cpp -o main.o -I/usr/local/include/GL
In file included from main.cpp:7:0:
Graphics.h:1:21: fatal error: GL/glut.h: No such file or directory
compilation terminated.
makefile:16: recipe for target 'main.o' failed
make: *** [main.o] Error 1

在代码中编译：：块

3. 我在代码中打开main.cpp ; Graphics.h ; Graphics.cpp：：块。
4. 在主要.cpp活动的情况下，我"构建并运行"。我收到此错误，似乎什么也没发生，除了现在项目目录中有一个 main.o。

C:UsersAdminDesktopC++Projectscosc1337.codeGraphicsLibexamplesex4main.o:main.cpp|| undefined reference to `_imp____glutInitWithExit@12'
C:UsersAdminDesktopC++Projectscosc1337.codeGraphicsLibexamplesex4main.o:main.cpp|| undefined reference to `_imp____glutCreateWindowWithExit@8'
C:UsersAdminDesktopC++Projectscosc1337.codeGraphicsLibexamplesex4main.o:main.cpp|| undefined reference to `_imp____glutCreateMenuWithExit@8'
C:UsersAdminDesktopC++Projectscosc1337.codeGraphicsLibexamplesex4main.o:main.cpp|| undefined reference to `glClear@4'
C:UsersAdminDesktopC++Projectscosc1337.codeGraphicsLibexamplesex4main.o:main.cpp|| undefined reference to `setColor(ColorName)'
C:UsersAdminDesktopC++Projectscosc1337.codeGraphicsLibexamplesex4main.o:main.cpp|| undefined reference to `drawFilledTriangle(int, int, int, int, int, int)'
C:UsersAdminDesktopC++Projectscosc1337.codeGraphicsLibexamplesex4main.o:main.cpp|| undefined reference to `setColor(ColorName)'
C:UsersAdminDesktopC++Projectscosc1337.codeGraphicsLibexamplesex4main.o:main.cpp|| undefined reference to `drawFilledCircle(int, int, int)'
C:UsersAdminDesktopC++Projectscosc1337.codeGraphicsLibexamplesex4main.o:main.cpp|| undefined reference to `glFlush@0'
C:UsersAdminDesktopC++Projectscosc1337.codeGraphicsLibexamplesex4main.o:main.cpp|| undefined reference to `graphicsSetup(int, char**, void (*)())'
C:UsersAdminDesktopC++Projectscosc1337.codeGraphicsLibexamplesex4main.o:main.cpp|| undefined reference to `_imp__glutMainLoop@0'
=== Build failed: 11 error(s), 0 warning(s) (0 minute(s), 0 second(s)) ===

5. 与上述相同的事情，当图形.cpp处于活动状态并且我build and run时，我收到与以前相同的错误，但是创建了Graphics.o。

总结一下：

blocks 创建目标文件后，我就可以使用 gitbash 并运行 makefile 来链接它们，它确实创建了一个工作测试.exe我可以运行并查看我的位置在哪里，但我感到困惑和沮丧的是，我不能只使用 code：：blocks 或只是 git， 因为这样做会使对代码的调整需要不合理的时间才能令人满意，并且肯定会在以后引起问题

编辑

我编写的所有其他程序，以及"hello world"编译，在代码：：blocks和gitbash上没有问题。