抛出c++中的关键字

Throws keyword in C++

本文关键字:关键字 c++ 抛出      更新时间:2023-10-16

谁能指出正确的方法来做这个程序与异常处理?这是一个堆栈程序。

1)#include<iostream>
2)#include<stdlib.h>
3)#include<string.h>
4)using namespace std;
5)
6)template<class T>
7)class Stack {
8)private:
9)  int max;
10) int top;
12) T* items;
13)public:
14) Stack(int size) {
15)     max = size;
16)     top = -1;
17)     items = new T[max];
18) }
19) ~Stack(){delete [] items;}
20)
21) void push(T data) throws Exception{
22)     if(full()) {
23)         throw new StackException("Out of space!");
24)     }
25)     items[++top] = data;
26) }
27) T pop(){
28)     if(empty()) throws Exception {
29)         throw new StackException("No more elements to delete"); 
30)     }
31)     return items[top--];
32) }   
33) 
34) bool full() { return top == max-1; }
35) bool empty() { return top == -1; }
36)};
37)
38)int main() {
39)    try{
40)     Stack<int> s(10);
41)     s.push(1);
42)     s.push(2);
43)     cout<<s.pop()<<endl;
44)    } 
45)    catch(StackException e){
46)     cout<<e.what()<<endl;
47)    }
48)    return 0;
49)}

编辑:我得到以下错误。我是c++中异常处理的新手,想知道我是否做得对——

     3stacks.cpp:20:18: error: expected ‘;’ at end of member declaration
     3stacks.cpp:20:20: error: ‘throws’ does not name a type
     3stacks.cpp:26:8: error: expected ‘;’ at end of member declaration
     3stacks.cpp:26:10: error: ‘throws’ does not name a type 
     3stacks.cpp: In function ‘int main()’:
     3stacks.cpp:44:8: error: expected type-specifier before ‘StackException’
     3stacks.cpp:44:23: error: expected ‘)’ before ‘e’
     3stacks.cpp:44:23: error: expected ‘{’ before ‘e’
     3stacks.cpp:44:23: error: ‘e’ was not declared in this scope
     3stacks.cpp:44:24: error: expected ‘;’ before ‘)’ token

您还没有在程序的任何地方定义StackException。你必须自己创造它。还要从函数签名中去掉throws Exception,因为您也从未定义过该类型(它被称为throw Exception)。

此外,没有必要声明签名中可能出现的异常,但最好声明函数永远不会抛出(在c++ 11中使用noexcept)。在文档中说明可能出现的异常。此外,您还遗漏了一个可能的bad_alloc .

总而言之,剥离所有代码并从<stack>中使用std::stack并剥离那些C库。然而,这里有一个例子,你可以这样做:

template<class T>
class Stack {
private:
    int max;
    int top;
    T * items;
public:
    struct out_of_space{};
    struct empty_stack{};
    Stack(int size) {
        if(size)
            max = size;
        top = -1;
        items = new T[max];
    }
    ~Stack(){delete[] items;}
    void push(const T & data){
        if(full()) {
            throw out_of_space();
        }
        items[++top] = data;
    }
    T pop(){
        if(empty()){
            throw empty_stack();
        }
        return items[top--];
    }   
    bool full() const { return top == max-1; }
    bool empty() const { return top == -1; }
};
int main() {
    try{
     Stack<int> s(10);
     s.push(1);
     s.push(2);
     cout<<s.pop()<<endl;
    } catch(const Stack<int>::out_of_space& e){
     cout<< "stack out of space" <<endl;
    } catch(const Stack<int>::empty_stack & e){
     cout<< "stack is empty" <<endl;
    }
    return 0;
}

要真正使用e.what(),你必须自己实现它。或者你可以继承std::exception,重载它,只捕获const std::exception&