在c++中调用附加的析构函数

Additional destructors are called in C++

本文关键字：析构函数 调用 c++      更新时间：2023-10-16

我在c++中使用vector

编写了以下代码
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
class DataValue {
public:
    DataValue() { std::cout << "DataValue constructor called" << std::endl; }
    DataValue(DataValue const& other) { cout << "DataValue copy constructor called" << std::endl; }
    ~DataValue() { std::cout << "DataValue destructor is called" << std::endl; }
private:
};
class ItemDataHistory {
public:
    ItemDataHistory() { std::cout << "ItemDataHistory constructor called" << std::endl; }
    ItemDataHistory(ItemDataHistory & other) { std::cout << "ItemDataHistory copy constructor called" << std::endl; }
    ~ItemDataHistory() { std::cout << "ItemDataHistory destructor called" << std::endl; }
    std::vector<DataValue>& GetVecDataValues() { return m_vecDataValues; }  
private:
    std::vector<DataValue> m_vecDataValues;
};
class DataReply {
public:
    std::vector<ItemDataHistory>& GetItemDataHistories() { return m_vecItemData; }  
private:
    // The list of DataValue
    std::vector<ItemDataHistory> m_vecItemData;
};

void main()
{
    DataValue dv1, dv2, dv3;
    ItemDataHistory itmDH;
    itmDH.GetVecDataValues().push_back(dv1);
    itmDH.GetVecDataValues().push_back(dv2);
    itmDH.GetVecDataValues().push_back(dv3);
    return;
}
/*
DataValue constructor called
DataValue constructor called
DataValue constructor called
ItemDataHistory constructor called
DataValue copy constructor called
DataValue copy constructor called
DataValue copy constructor called
**DataValue destructor is called** // why this destructor is called? where constructor for this.
DataValue copy constructor called
DataValue copy constructor called
DataValue copy constructor called
**DataValue destructor is called  // why this destructor is called? Where is constructor for this.
DataValue destructor is called**  // why this destructor is called? Where is contructor for this.
ItemDataHistory destructor called
DataValue destructor is called
DataValue destructor is called
DataValue destructor is called
DataValue destructor is called
DataValue destructor is called
DataValue destructor is called
Press any key to continue . . .
*/
我对上面代码的问题是，我不明白为什么要调用额外的析构函数。我试图通过检查何时调用构造函数和析构函数来了解性能。我在windows XP中使用VS 2008。

感谢您的时间和帮助

push_back可能想要增加vector的大小，这意味着旧的元素被复制到一个新的更大的位置，然后销毁。

作为对其他答案的补充:为了获得良好的可视化效果，只需添加

itmDH.GetVecDataValues().reserve(3);

在您使用push_back之前，它将导致您首先期望看到的输出:

在不使用reserve的情况下使用代码并检查每个push_back之前和之后的容量(liveworkspace demo #2)也可能很有指导意义:

DataValue constructor called
DataValue constructor called
DataValue constructor called
ItemDataHistory constructor called
0
DataValue copy constructor called
1 //reallocation of vector happens
DataValue copy constructor called //copy first element from old memory location
DataValue copy constructor called //copy the element to be inserted
DataValue destructor is called //destroy element at old memory location
2 //reallocation of vector happens
DataValue copy constructor called //copy first element from old memory location
DataValue copy constructor called //copy second element from old memory location
DataValue copy constructor called //copy the element to be inserted
DataValue destructor is called //destroy first element at old memory location
DataValue destructor is called //destroy second element at old memory location
4
...
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