如何使用C++将包含多个分区的映像写入Windows上的USB闪存驱动器
How to write an image containing multiple partitions to a USB flash drive on Windows using C++
在Windows上，您只能在可移动媒体上看到第一个分区。我想写一个C++程序，可以写一个包含MBR和2个数据分区的图像到USB闪存驱动器。我不需要第二个分区在Windows中可见-我只需要能够从Windows/C++将这个原始映像写入USB闪存驱动器，这样以后在Linux上运行时，就可以看到这两个分区。
我读过关于安装过滤器驱动程序的文章，该驱动程序最终会将可移动介质视为固定介质，这对阅读来说很好，但我只想在对用户的电脑干扰最小的情况下写入此图像。我可以从第一个扇区开始访问原始USB驱动器，然后只写入MBR，然后写入两个数据分区吗？
如果您有足够的权限，您可以打开一个句柄，使用文件名为\.PhysicalDrive2的CreateFile直接写入USB驱动器。
您需要计算出物理驱动器的编号。如果您有驱动器号，可以使用类似\?D:的文件名打开卷句柄，然后使用IOCTL_VOLUME_GET_VOLUME_DISK_EXTENTS来确定与卷关联的物理驱动器号。
您可能需要先卸除现有卷（如果有的话）。我不确定什么是最好的方法，但您可以尝试使用IOCTL_VOLUME_OFFLINE。
编辑：这里有一些我用于磁盘成像的代码，尽管我不记得我是否曾在U盘上尝试过。公共领域，但没有明示或暗示的保证，等（仔细查看代码，我注意到我没有明确检查扇区大小，以确保缓冲区和读/写操作正确对齐。这在实践中应该不是问题，因为常用的最大扇区大小是4K，这也是Windows上的内存页大小。然而，在生产代码中，您应该始终明确确定e有问题的设备，并相应地确保正确对齐。）
#define _WIN32_WINNT 0x0501
#include <windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#define dump_buffersize_megs 16
#define dump_buffersize (dump_buffersize_megs * 1024 * 1024)
#define dump_workingsetsize ((dump_buffersize_megs + 1) * 1024 * 1024)
DWORD save(const wchar_t * source_device_name, const wchar_t * filename) {
DWORD err;
HANDLE hdevice, houtput;
DWORD bytes_to_transfer, byte_count;
GET_LENGTH_INFORMATION source_disklength;
DISK_GEOMETRY source_diskgeometry;
LARGE_INTEGER offset;
OVERLAPPED overlapped;
BYTE * buffer;
if (!SetProcessWorkingSetSize(GetCurrentProcess(), dump_workingsetsize, dump_workingsetsize))
{
err = GetLastError();
printf("Error %u trying to expand working set.n", err);
return err;
}
buffer = VirtualAlloc(NULL, dump_buffersize, MEM_COMMIT, PAGE_READWRITE);
if (buffer == NULL)
{
err = GetLastError();
printf("Error %u trying to allocate buffer.n", err);
return err;
}
if (!VirtualLock(buffer, dump_buffersize))
{
err = GetLastError();
printf("Error %u trying to lock buffer.n", err);
return err;
}
hdevice = CreateFile
(
source_device_name,
GENERIC_READ,
0,
NULL,
OPEN_EXISTING,
FILE_FLAG_NO_BUFFERING,
NULL
);
if (hdevice == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
err = GetLastError();
fprintf(stderr, "Error %u opening input device.n", err);
return err;
}
if (!DeviceIoControl
(
hdevice,
FSCTL_LOCK_VOLUME,
NULL,
0,
NULL,
0,
&byte_count,
NULL
))
{
err = GetLastError();
fprintf(stderr, "Error %u locking input volume.n", err);
return err;
}
if (!DeviceIoControl
(
hdevice,
IOCTL_DISK_GET_DRIVE_GEOMETRY,
NULL,
0,
&source_diskgeometry,
sizeof(source_diskgeometry),
&byte_count,
NULL
))
{
err = GetLastError();
fprintf(stderr, "Error %u getting device geometry.n", err);
return err;
}
switch (source_diskgeometry.MediaType)
{
case Unknown:
case RemovableMedia:
case FixedMedia:
if (!DeviceIoControl
(
hdevice,
IOCTL_DISK_GET_LENGTH_INFO,
NULL,
0,
&source_disklength,
sizeof(source_disklength),
&byte_count,
NULL
))
{
err = GetLastError();
fprintf(stderr, "Error %u getting input device length.n", err);
return err;
}
fprintf(stderr, "nInput disk has %I64i bytes.nn", source_disklength.Length.QuadPart);
break;
default:
source_disklength.Length.QuadPart =
source_diskgeometry.Cylinders.QuadPart *
source_diskgeometry.TracksPerCylinder *
source_diskgeometry.SectorsPerTrack *
source_diskgeometry.BytesPerSector;
fprintf(stderr,
"n"
"Input device appears to be a floppy disk. WARNING: if this is not an"
"floppy disk the calculated size will probably be incorrect, resultingn"
"in an incomplete copy.n"
"n"
"Input disk has %I64i bytes.n"
"n",
source_disklength.Length.QuadPart);
break;
}
houtput = CreateFile
(
filename,
GENERIC_WRITE,
0,
NULL,
CREATE_ALWAYS,
FILE_FLAG_NO_BUFFERING | FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED,
NULL
);
if (houtput == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
{
err = GetLastError();
fprintf(stderr, "Error %u creating output file.n", err);
return err;
}
offset.QuadPart = 0;
overlapped.hEvent = 0;
for (;;)
{
overlapped.Offset = offset.LowPart;
overlapped.OffsetHigh = offset.HighPart;
if (source_disklength.Length.QuadPart - offset.QuadPart < dump_buffersize)
{
bytes_to_transfer = (DWORD)(source_disklength.Length.QuadPart - offset.QuadPart);
if (bytes_to_transfer == 0) break;
}
else
{
bytes_to_transfer = dump_buffersize;
}
if (!ReadFile(hdevice, buffer, bytes_to_transfer, NULL, &overlapped))
{
err = GetLastError();
printf("Error %u initiating read from input disk.n", err);
return err;
}
if (!GetOverlappedResult(hdevice, &overlapped, &byte_count, TRUE))
{
err = GetLastError();
printf("Error %u reading from input disk.n", err);
return err;
}
if (byte_count != bytes_to_transfer)
{
err = GetLastError();
printf("Internal error - partial read. Last error code %u.n", err);
printf("bytes_to_transfer = %u; byte_count = %u.n", bytes_to_transfer, byte_count);
if (byte_count == 0) return ERROR_INVALID_FUNCTION;
bytes_to_transfer = byte_count;
}
if (!WriteFile(houtput, buffer, bytes_to_transfer, NULL, &overlapped))
{
err = GetLastError();
if (err != ERROR_IO_PENDING)
{
printf("Error %u initiating write to output file.n", err);
return err;
}
}
if (!GetOverlappedResult(houtput, &overlapped, &byte_count, TRUE))
{
err = GetLastError();
printf("Error %u writing to output file.n", err);
return err;
}
if (byte_count != bytes_to_transfer)
{
printf("Internal error - partial write.n");
printf("bytes_to_transfer = %u; byte_count = %u.n", bytes_to_transfer, byte_count);
return ERROR_INVALID_FUNCTION;
}
offset.QuadPart += bytes_to_transfer;
}
overlapped.Offset = offset.LowPart;
overlapped.OffsetHigh = offset.HighPart;
if (!ReadFile(hdevice, buffer, source_diskgeometry.BytesPerSector, NULL, &overlapped))
{
err = GetLastError();
if (err == ERROR_HANDLE_EOF)
{
printf("Save successfully completed.n");
return 0;
}
printf("Error %u initiating read from input disk past end of file.n", err);
return err;
}
if (!GetOverlappedResult(hdevice, &overlapped, &byte_count, TRUE))
{
err = GetLastError();
if (err == ERROR_HANDLE_EOF)
{
printf("Save successfully completed.n");
return 0;
}
printf("Error %u reading from input disk past end of file.n", err);
return err;
}
if (byte_count == 0)
{
printf("Save successfully completed.n");
return 0;
}
printf("WARNING: the expected amount of data was successfully copied,n"
"but end of file not detected on input disk. The copy mightn"
"not be complete.");
return ERROR_MORE_DATA;
}
DWORD write(const wchar_t * filename, const wchar_t * target_device_name) {
DWORD err;
HANDLE hinput, houtput;
WIN32_FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DATA fad;
DWORD bytes_to_transfer, byte_count;
LARGE_INTEGER filelength;
GET_LENGTH_INFORMATION target_disklength;
DISK_GEOMETRY target_diskgeometry;
LARGE_INTEGER transfer_length;
LARGE_INTEGER offset;
OVERLAPPED overlapped;
BYTE * buffer;
if (!SetProcessWorkingSetSize(GetCurrentProcess(), dump_workingsetsize, dump_workingsetsize))
{
err = GetLastError();
printf("Error %u trying to expand working set.n", err);
return err;
}
buffer = VirtualAlloc(NULL, dump_buffersize, MEM_COMMIT, PAGE_READWRITE);
if (buffer == NULL)
{
err = GetLastError();
printf("Error %u trying to allocate buffer.n", err);
return err;
}
if (!VirtualLock(buffer, dump_buffersize))
{
err = GetLastError();
printf("Error %u trying to lock buffer.n", err);
return err;
}
if (!GetFileAttributesEx(filename, GetFileExInfoStandard, &fad))
{
err = GetLastError();
fprintf(stderr, "Error %u reading input file attributes.n", err);
return err;
}
filelength.HighPart = fad.nFileSizeHigh;
filelength.LowPart = fad.nFileSizeLow;
fprintf(stderr, "nInput file has %I64i bytes.n", filelength.QuadPart);
hinput = CreateFile
(
filename,
GENERIC_READ,
0,
NULL,
OPEN_EXISTING,
FILE_FLAG_NO_BUFFERING | FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED,
NULL
);
if (hinput == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
{
err = GetLastError();
fprintf(stderr, "Error %u opening input file.n", err);
return err;
}
houtput = CreateFile
(
target_device_name,
GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE,
0,
NULL,
OPEN_EXISTING,
FILE_FLAG_NO_BUFFERING,
NULL
);
if (houtput == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
err = GetLastError();
fprintf(stderr, "Error %u opening output device.n", err);
return err;
}
if (!DeviceIoControl
(
houtput,
FSCTL_LOCK_VOLUME,
NULL,
0,
NULL,
0,
&byte_count,
NULL
))
{
err = GetLastError();
fprintf(stderr, "Error %u locking volume.n", err);
return err;
}
if (!DeviceIoControl
(
houtput,
IOCTL_DISK_GET_DRIVE_GEOMETRY,
NULL,
0,
&target_diskgeometry,
sizeof(target_diskgeometry),
&byte_count,
NULL
))
{
err = GetLastError();
fprintf(stderr, "Error %u getting output device geometry.n", err);
return err;
}
switch (target_diskgeometry.MediaType)
{
case Unknown:
case RemovableMedia:
case FixedMedia:
if (!DeviceIoControl
(
houtput,
IOCTL_DISK_GET_LENGTH_INFO,
NULL,
0,
&target_disklength,
sizeof(target_disklength),
&byte_count,
NULL
))
{
err = GetLastError();
fprintf(stderr, "Error %u getting output device length.n", err);
return err;
}
fprintf(stderr, "Output disk has %I64i bytes.nn", target_disklength.Length.QuadPart);
break;
default:
target_disklength.Length.QuadPart =
target_diskgeometry.Cylinders.QuadPart *
target_diskgeometry.TracksPerCylinder *
target_diskgeometry.SectorsPerTrack *
target_diskgeometry.BytesPerSector;
fprintf(stderr,
"n"
"Output device appears to be a floppy disk. WARNING: if this is not an"
"floppy disk the calculated output device size is probably incorrect,n"
"which might result in an incomplete copy.n"
"n"
"Output disk has %I64i bytes.n"
"n",
target_disklength.Length.QuadPart);
break;
}
if (filelength.QuadPart == target_disklength.Length.QuadPart)
{
transfer_length.QuadPart = filelength.QuadPart;
}
else if (filelength.QuadPart < target_disklength.Length.QuadPart)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Image is smaller than target. Part of the target will not be written to.nn");
transfer_length.QuadPart = filelength.QuadPart;
}
else
{
fprintf(stderr, "Image is larger than target. Part of the image will not be copied.nn");
transfer_length.QuadPart = target_disklength.Length.QuadPart;
}
offset.QuadPart = 0;
overlapped.hEvent = 0;
for (;;)
{
overlapped.Offset = offset.LowPart;
overlapped.OffsetHigh = offset.HighPart;
if (transfer_length.QuadPart - offset.QuadPart < dump_buffersize)
{
bytes_to_transfer = (DWORD)(transfer_length.QuadPart - offset.QuadPart);
if (bytes_to_transfer == 0) break;
}
else
{
bytes_to_transfer = dump_buffersize;
}
if (!ReadFile(hinput, buffer, bytes_to_transfer, NULL, &overlapped))
{
err = GetLastError();
if (err != ERROR_IO_PENDING)
{
printf("Error %u initiating read from input file.n", err);
return err;
}
}
if (!GetOverlappedResult(hinput, &overlapped, &byte_count, TRUE))
{
err = GetLastError();
printf("Error %u reading from input file.n", err);
return err;
}
if (byte_count != bytes_to_transfer)
{
err = GetLastError();
printf("Internal error - partial read. Last error code %u.n", err);
printf("bytes_to_transfer = %u; byte_count = %u.n", bytes_to_transfer, byte_count);
if (byte_count == 0) return ERROR_INVALID_FUNCTION;
bytes_to_transfer = byte_count;
}
if (!WriteFile(houtput, buffer, bytes_to_transfer, NULL, &overlapped))
{
err = GetLastError();
if (err != ERROR_IO_PENDING)
{
printf("Error %u initiating write to output disk.n", err);
return err;
}
}
if (!GetOverlappedResult(houtput, &overlapped, &byte_count, TRUE))
{
err = GetLastError();
printf("Error %u writing to output disk.n", err);
return err;
}
if (byte_count != bytes_to_transfer)
{
printf("Internal error - partial write.n");
printf("bytes_to_transfer = %u; byte_count = %u.n", bytes_to_transfer, byte_count);
return ERROR_INVALID_FUNCTION;
}
offset.QuadPart += bytes_to_transfer;
}
printf("Write successfully completed.n");
return 0;
}
DWORD clone(const wchar_t * source_device_name, const wchar_t * target_device_name) {
DWORD err;
HANDLE hinput, houtput;
DWORD bytes_to_transfer, byte_count;
GET_LENGTH_INFORMATION source_disklength;
DISK_GEOMETRY source_diskgeometry;
GET_LENGTH_INFORMATION target_disklength;
DISK_GEOMETRY target_diskgeometry;
LARGE_INTEGER transfer_length;
LARGE_INTEGER offset;
OVERLAPPED overlapped;
BYTE * buffer;
DWORD result;
if (!SetProcessWorkingSetSize(GetCurrentProcess(), dump_workingsetsize, dump_workingsetsize))
{
err = GetLastError();
printf("Error %u trying to expand working set.n", err);
return err;
}
buffer = VirtualAlloc(NULL, dump_buffersize, MEM_COMMIT, PAGE_READWRITE);
if (buffer == NULL)
{
err = GetLastError();
printf("Error %u trying to allocate buffer.n", err);
return err;
}
if (!VirtualLock(buffer, dump_buffersize))
{
err = GetLastError();
printf("Error %u trying to lock buffer.n", err);
return err;
}
hinput = CreateFile
(
source_device_name,
GENERIC_READ,
0,
NULL,
OPEN_EXISTING,
FILE_FLAG_NO_BUFFERING,
NULL
);
if (hinput == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
err = GetLastError();
fprintf(stderr, "Error %u opening input device.n", err);
return err;
}
if (!DeviceIoControl
(
hinput,
FSCTL_LOCK_VOLUME,
NULL,
0,
NULL,
0,
&byte_count,
NULL
))
{
err = GetLastError();
fprintf(stderr, "Error %u locking input volume.n", err);
return err;
}
if (!DeviceIoControl
(
hinput,
IOCTL_DISK_GET_DRIVE_GEOMETRY,
NULL,
0,
&source_diskgeometry,
sizeof(source_diskgeometry),
&byte_count,
NULL
))
{
err = GetLastError();
fprintf(stderr, "Error %u getting device geometry.n", err);
return err;
}
switch (source_diskgeometry.MediaType)
{
case Unknown:
case RemovableMedia:
case FixedMedia:
if (!DeviceIoControl
(
hinput,
IOCTL_DISK_GET_LENGTH_INFO,
NULL,
0,
&source_disklength,
sizeof(source_disklength),
&byte_count,
NULL
))
{
err = GetLastError();
fprintf(stderr, "Error %u getting input device length.n", err);
return err;
}
fprintf(stderr, "nInput disk has %I64i bytes.n", source_disklength.Length.QuadPart);
break;
default:
source_disklength.Length.QuadPart =
source_diskgeometry.Cylinders.QuadPart *
source_diskgeometry.TracksPerCylinder *
source_diskgeometry.SectorsPerTrack *
source_diskgeometry.BytesPerSector;
fprintf(stderr,
"n"
"Input device appears to be a floppy disk. WARNING: if this is not an"
"floppy disk the calculated disk size is probably incorrect, resultingn"
"in an incomplete copy.n"
"n"
"Input disk has %I64i bytes.n",
source_disklength.Length.QuadPart);
break;
}
houtput = CreateFile
(
target_device_name,
GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE,
0,
NULL,
OPEN_EXISTING,
FILE_FLAG_NO_BUFFERING,
NULL
);
if (houtput == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
err = GetLastError();
fprintf(stderr, "Error %u opening output device.n", err);
return err;
}
if (!DeviceIoControl
(
houtput,
FSCTL_LOCK_VOLUME,
NULL,
0,
NULL,
0,
&byte_count,
NULL
))
{
err = GetLastError();
fprintf(stderr, "Error %u locking output volume.n", err);
return err;
}
if (!DeviceIoControl
(
houtput,
IOCTL_DISK_GET_DRIVE_GEOMETRY,
NULL,
0,
&target_diskgeometry,
sizeof(target_diskgeometry),
&byte_count,
NULL
))
{
err = GetLastError();
fprintf(stderr, "Error %u getting output device geometry.n", err);
return err;
}
switch (target_diskgeometry.MediaType)
{
case Unknown:
case RemovableMedia:
case FixedMedia:
if (!DeviceIoControl
(
houtput,
IOCTL_DISK_GET_LENGTH_INFO,
NULL,
0,
&target_disklength,
sizeof(target_disklength),
&byte_count,
NULL
))
{
err = GetLastError();
fprintf(stderr, "Error %u getting output device length.n", err);
return err;
}
fprintf(stderr, "Output disk has %I64i bytes.nn", target_disklength.Length.QuadPart);
break;
default:
target_disklength.Length.QuadPart =
target_diskgeometry.Cylinders.QuadPart *
target_diskgeometry.TracksPerCylinder *
target_diskgeometry.SectorsPerTrack *
target_diskgeometry.BytesPerSector;
fprintf(stderr,
"n"
"Output device appears to be a floppy disk. WARNING: if this is not an"
"floppy disk the calculated output device size is probably incorrect,n"
"which might result in an incomplete copy.n"
"n"
"Output disk has %I64i bytes.n"
"n",
target_disklength.Length.QuadPart);
break;
}
if (source_disklength.Length.QuadPart == target_disklength.Length.QuadPart)
{
transfer_length.QuadPart = source_disklength.Length.QuadPart;
}
else if (source_disklength.Length.QuadPart < target_disklength.Length.QuadPart)
{
printf("Input shorter than output. Part of the output disk will not be written to.nn");
transfer_length.QuadPart = source_disklength.Length.QuadPart;
}
else
{
printf("Output shorter than input. Copy will be truncated to output length.nn");
transfer_length.QuadPart = target_disklength.Length.QuadPart;
}
offset.QuadPart = 0;
overlapped.hEvent = 0;
for (;;)
{
overlapped.Offset = offset.LowPart;
overlapped.OffsetHigh = offset.HighPart;
if (transfer_length.QuadPart - offset.QuadPart < dump_buffersize)
{
bytes_to_transfer = (DWORD)(transfer_length.QuadPart - offset.QuadPart);
if (bytes_to_transfer == 0) break;
}
else
{
bytes_to_transfer = dump_buffersize;
}
if (!ReadFile(hinput, buffer, bytes_to_transfer, NULL, &overlapped))
{
err = GetLastError();
printf("Error %u initiating read from input file.n", err);
return err;
}
if (!GetOverlappedResult(hinput, &overlapped, &byte_count, TRUE))
{
err = GetLastError();
printf("Error %u reading from input file.n", err);
return err;
}
if (byte_count != bytes_to_transfer)
{
err = GetLastError();
printf("Internal error - partial read. Last error code %u.n", err);
printf("bytes_to_transfer = %u; byte_count = %u.n", bytes_to_transfer, byte_count);
if (byte_count == 0) return ERROR_INVALID_FUNCTION;
bytes_to_transfer = byte_count;
}
if (!WriteFile(houtput, buffer, bytes_to_transfer, NULL, &overlapped))
{
err = GetLastError();
if (err != ERROR_IO_PENDING)
{
printf("Error %u initiating write to output disk.n", err);
return err;
}
}
if (!GetOverlappedResult(houtput, &overlapped, &byte_count, TRUE))
{
err = GetLastError();
printf("Error %u writing to output disk.n", err);
return err;
}
if (byte_count != bytes_to_transfer)
{
printf("Internal error - partial write.n");
printf("bytes_to_transfer = %u; byte_count = %u.n", bytes_to_transfer, byte_count);
return ERROR_INVALID_FUNCTION;
}
offset.QuadPart += bytes_to_transfer;
}
if (transfer_length.QuadPart == source_disklength.Length.QuadPart)
{
overlapped.Offset = offset.LowPart;
overlapped.OffsetHigh = offset.HighPart;
if (!ReadFile(hinput, buffer, source_diskgeometry.BytesPerSector, NULL, &overlapped))
{
err = GetLastError();
if (err == ERROR_HANDLE_EOF)
{
printf("Copy successfully completed.n");
return 0;
}
printf("Error %u initiating read from input disk past end of file.n", err);
return err;
}
if (!GetOverlappedResult(hinput, &overlapped, &byte_count, TRUE))
{
err = GetLastError();
if (err == ERROR_HANDLE_EOF)
{
printf("Copy successfully completed.n");
return 0;
}
printf("Error %u reading from input disk past end of file.n", err);
return err;
}
if (byte_count == 0)
{
printf("Copy successfully completed.n");
return 0;
}
printf("WARNING: the expected amount of data was successfully copied,n"
"but end of file not detected on input disk. The copy mightn"
"not be complete.");
result = ERROR_MORE_DATA;
return 0;
}
printf("Copy successfully completed.n");
return 0;
}
int wmain(int argc, wchar_t ** argv)
{
if (argc < 4)
{
printf("Syntax: n"
"To save an image of a physical drive:n"
"diskimage /save \\.\PhysicalDrive0 file.imgn"
"diskimage /save \\.\A: file.imgn"
"To write from an image file to a physical drive:n"
"diskimage /write file.img \\.\PhysicalDrive0n"
"diskimage /write file.img \\.\A:n"
"To clone input drive 0 to output drive 1:n"
"diskimage /clone \\.\PhysicalDrive0 \\.\PhysicalDrive1n"
);
return 1;
}
if (_wcsicmp(argv[1], L"/save") == 0)
{
return save(argv[2], argv[3]);
}
else if (_wcsicmp(argv[1], L"/write") == 0)
{
return write(argv[2], argv[3]);
}
else if (_wcsicmp(argv[1], L"/clone") == 0)
{
return clone(argv[2], argv[3]);
}
else
{
printf("Invalid argument. Use /? for syntax help.n");
return 1;
}
}
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