为什么"std::async"没有按预期工作?

Why does "std::async" not work as expected?

本文关键字:工作 std async 为什么      更新时间:2023-10-16
#include <thread>
#include <functional>
#include <utility>
using namespace std;
template<typename Callable, typename... Args>
void Async(Callable&& fn, Args&&... args)
{
    auto fn_wrapper = [](Callable&& fn, Args&&... args)
    {
        invoke(forward<Callable>(fn), forward<Args>(args)...);
    };
    // ok
    fn_wrapper(forward<Callable>(fn), forward<Args>(args)...);
    // ok
    async(forward<Callable>(fn), forward<Args>(args)...);
    // error : no matching function for call to 'async'
    async(fn_wrapper, forward<Callable>(fn), forward<Args>(args)...);
}
void f(int, int) {}
int main()
{
    Async(f, 1, 2);
    this_thread::sleep_for(1min);
}

以下代码没问题:

  fn_wrapper(forward<Callable>(fn), forward<Args>(args)...);

以下代码也可以:

  async(forward<Callable>(fn), forward<Args>(args)...);

但是,以下代码是不行的:

  // error : no matching function for call to 'async'
  async(fn_wrapper, forward<Callable>(fn), forward<Args>(args)...);

最后一种情况编译失败,并出现以下错误:

main.cpp:27:5: fatal error: no matching function for call to 'async'
    async(fn_wrapper,
    ^~~~~
main.cpp:36:5: note: in instantiation of function template specialization 'Async<void (&)(int, int), int, int>' requested here
    Async(f, 1, 2);
    ^
  [...]
/usr/local/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/6.3.0/../../../../include/c++/6.3.0/future:1739:5: note: candidate template ignored: substitution failure [with _Fn = (lambda at main.cpp:12:9) &, _Args = <void (&)(int, int), int, int>]: no type named 'type' in 'std::result_of<(lambda at main.cpp:12:9) (void (*)(int, int), int, int)>'
    async(_Fn&& __fn, _Args&&... __args)

为什么最后一个案例不起作用?

完美转发 ( && ( 仅适用于模板参数上下文。但是您的 lambda 不是模板。因此,(Callable&& fn, Args&&... args)只是在每个参数上打&&,实际上意味着"通过右值引用传递",这不会正确地向前完善。

但更重要的是,std::async将函子称为INVOKE(DECAY(std::forward<F>(f)), DECAY(std::forward<Args>(args))...),因此推导函子的参数类型实际上是衰减CallableArgs

试试这个包装器:

    auto fn_wrapper = [](auto&& fn, auto&&... args)
    {
        invoke(forward<decltype(fn)>(fn), forward<decltype(args)>(args)...);
    };