在 C++ 中加载共享库会导致分段错误

Load shared lib in c++ causes segmentation fault

本文关键字:分段 错误 C++ 加载 共享      更新时间:2023-10-16

我正在学习 c++,并正在尝试在 linux (.so) 上加载共享库。

当我运行下面的代码时,我遇到了分段错误。

当我尝试使用 valgrind 运行控制台应用程序时,我得到以下结果:

valgrind ./TestLoadSo --leak-check=full -v
==26828== Memcheck, a memory error detector
==26828== Copyright (C) 2002-2015, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al.
==26828== Using Valgrind-3.12.0 and LibVEX; rerun with -h for copyright info
==26828== Command: ./TestLoadSo --leak-check=full -v
==26828== 
!!!Hello World!!!
==26828== Jump to the invalid address stated on the next line
==26828==    at 0x0: ???
==26828==    by 0x53E63F0: (below main) (libc-start.c:291)
==26828==  Address 0x0 is not stack'd, malloc'd or (recently) free'd
==26828== 
==26828== 
==26828== Process terminating with default action of signal 11 (SIGSEGV)
==26828==  Bad permissions for mapped region at address 0x0
==26828==    at 0x0: ???
==26828==    by 0x53E63F0: (below main) (libc-start.c:291)
==26828== 
==26828== HEAP SUMMARY:
==26828==     in use at exit: 3,126 bytes in 9 blocks
==26828==   total heap usage: 13 allocs, 4 frees, 76,998 bytes allocated
==26828== 
==26828== LEAK SUMMARY:
==26828==    definitely lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==26828==    indirectly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==26828==      possibly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==26828==    still reachable: 3,126 bytes in 9 blocks
==26828==         suppressed: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==26828== Rerun with --leak-check=full to see details of leaked memory
==26828== 
==26828== For counts of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -v
==26828== ERROR SUMMARY: 1 errors from 1 contexts (suppressed: 0 from 0)
[1]    26828 segmentation fault (core dumped)  valgrind ./TestLoadSo --leak-check=full -v

C++ 主类

extern "C" typedef char* (*helloWorld_t)();
int main() {
void* handle = dlopen("./libMyLib.dll.so", RTLD_LAZY);
if (!handle) {
cerr << "Cannot open library: " << dlerror() << 'n';
return 1;
}
helloWorld_t hello = (helloWorld_t)dlsym( handle, "helloWorld" );
const char * tmp = hello();
printf("n%s",tmp);
return 0;
}

外部函数为:

extern "C++" char* helloWorld() {
char str[25];
strcpy(str, "HelloWorld");
}

如果我使用extern "C"则会出现编译错误:

error: conflicting declaration of ‘char* helloWorld()’ with ‘C’ linkage
extern "C" char* helloWorld() {

我真的不清楚我哪里出错了。

函数不能同时具有 C 和C++链接,并且函数指针类型必须与其目标函数的链接匹配。

您不能通过其朴素的名称dlsymextern "C++"函数。您必须在这两种情况下都使用extern "C"(推荐),或者始终使用extern "C++"并将dlsym(handle, "helloWorld")中的字符串替换为函数的损坏名称(推荐)。

始终检查dlsym的结果,如果它返回空指针,则报告错误(使用dlerror()就像您为dlopen所做的那样)。

不要使用字符数组或指针来表示字符串。字符串有一种类型,称为std::string

最后但并非最不重要的一点是,始终使用-Wall -Werror进行编译,以便捕获诸如实际上不返回值的非void函数之类的内容。

这里有很多问题:

extern "C++" char* helloWorld() {
char str[25];
strcpy(str, "HelloWorld");
}

它应该使用"C"联动。它应该返回一些东西。它将字符串复制到局部变量,因此值在返回时会丢失。所以可能

extern "C" char* helloWorld() {
static char str[25]; // will keep its value accross calls, not thread safe
return strcpy(str, "HelloWorld"); // return pointer to start of str
}

请注意,多个调用都返回相同的静态缓冲区。如果需要副本,则需要让调用方提供缓冲区,或返回分配有malloc的缓冲区。