非外行类数组

Array of uninitalized classes

本文关键字:数组      更新时间:2023-10-16

我想在不调用构造函数的情况下在堆栈上分配和类数组。以下示例阐明了:

template<class t,int SetNum> class set
{
private:
t Storage[SetNum];
};
class myClass
{
private:
int* Array;
public:
myClass()
{
Array=new int[10];
}
}
int main()
{
set<myClass,10> Set;
}

我不想为调用myClass的构造函数时发生的Array分配 10 个新整数,但仍然希望为myClass分配空间。

你必须有一个unsigned char数组(或类似数组)来用作元素的"后备存储",然后调用放置new运算符(参见此处)来构造你的实例(顺便说一下,这是std::vector已经做的事情)。

警告: 如果使用放置 new,则有责任手动释放使用它创建的对象,显式调用析构函数;此外,传递给放置 new 的指针必须与正在创建的对象正确对齐,否则可能会发生不好的事情。

另请参阅此问题。


使用所述技术构建的std::arraystd::vector扭曲混合的示例(需要 C++11 才能使union技巧起作用):

#include <cstddef>
#include <memory>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <iostream>
template<typename T, std::size_t N>
class array_noinit
{
union storage_helper
{
private:
// this member assures that the storage is properly aligned
T t;
public:
unsigned char storage[sizeof(T)*N];
// needed because T's constructor/destructor is implicitly deleted
storage_helper() { };
~storage_helper() { };
};
storage_helper s;
std::size_t _size;
T * _storage;
public:
array_noinit() :
_size(0), _storage((T*)s.storage)
{}
~array_noinit()
{
while(_size>0)
pop_back();
}
void push_back(const T & elem)
{
if(_size>=N)
throw std::runtime_error("Not enough capacity.");
new(_storage+_size) T(elem);
_size++;
}
void pop_back()
{
if(_size>0)
{
_size--;
_storage[_size].~T();
}
}
T & at(std::size_t Idx)
{
if(Idx>=_size)
throw std::out_of_range("Idx out of range.");
return _storage[Idx];
}
std::size_t size() const
{
return _size;
}
std::size_t capacity() const
{
return N;
}
};
class A
{
int _i;
public:
A(int i) : _i(i)
{
std::cout<<"In A constructor - "<<_i<<"n";
}
A(const A & right)
: _i(right._i)
{
std::cout<<"In A copy constructor - "<<_i<<"n";
}
~A()
{
std::cout<<"In A destructor - "<<_i<<"n";
}
};
int main()
{
std::cout<<"With intsn";
array_noinit<int, 4> arr;
arr.push_back(1);
arr.push_back(2);
arr.push_back(3);
arr.push_back(4);
for(std::size_t i=0; i<4; i++)
std::cout<<arr.at(i)<<" ";
std::cout<<"n";
std::cout<<"With a class - we don't add anythingn";
array_noinit<A, 10> arr2;
std::cout<<"With a class - now we add stuffn";
array_noinit<A, 10> arr3;
arr3.push_back(A(1));
arr3.push_back(A(2));
arr3.push_back(A(3));
return 0;
}

输出:

With ints
1 2 3 4 
With a class - we don't add anything
With a class - now we add stuff
In A constructor - 1
In A copy constructor - 1
In A destructor - 1
In A constructor - 2
In A copy constructor - 2
In A destructor - 2
In A constructor - 3
In A copy constructor - 3
In A destructor - 3
In A destructor - 3
In A destructor - 2
In A destructor - 1

编辑有一种更简单的方法来获得对齐的存储。