使用Boost解析XML属性

程序的问题在这一行:

const ptree & attributes = formats.get_child(at, empty_ptree());

在这行中，您要求从pets中获得子pet.<xmlattr>，并且您独立于您正在遍历的f执行此操作3次。在本文之后，我猜您需要使用的是:

const ptree & attributes = f.second.get_child("<xmlattr>", empty_ptree());

完整的代码，适用于你的xml文件，是:

#define ATTR_SET ".<xmlattr>"
#define XML_PATH1 "./pets.xml"
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <boost/foreach.hpp>
#include <boost/property_tree/ptree.hpp>
#include <boost/property_tree/xml_parser.hpp>
using namespace std;
using namespace boost;
using namespace boost::property_tree;
const ptree& empty_ptree(){
    static ptree t;
    return t;
}
int main() {
    ptree tree;
    read_xml(XML_PATH1, tree);
    const ptree & formats = tree.get_child("pets", empty_ptree());
    BOOST_FOREACH(const ptree::value_type & f, formats){
        string at = f.first + ATTR_SET;
        const ptree & attributes = f.second.get_child("<xmlattr>", empty_ptree());
        cout << "Extracting attributes from " << at << ":" << endl;
        BOOST_FOREACH(const ptree::value_type &v, attributes){
            cout << "First: " << v.first.data() << " Second: " << v.second.data() << endl;
        }
    }
}

到目前为止还没有使用过这个特性，我怀疑boost::property_tree XML解析器不是一个通用的XML解析器，而是期望一个特定的模式，在这个模式中，一个特定的属性恰好有一个特定的标记。

如果您想使用boost::property_tree功能之外的XML，您可能更喜欢使用其他提供解析任何XML模式的XML解析器。看一下例如Xerces c++或Poco XML

待解析文件，pets.xml

<pets>
    <pet type="cat" name="Garfield" weight="4Kg">
        <something name="test" value="*"/>
         <something name="demo" value="@"/>
    </pet>
    <pet type="dog" name="Milu" weight="7Kg">
         <something name="test1" value="$"/>
    </pet>
    <birds type="parrot">
        <bird name="african grey parrot"/>
        <bird name="amazon parrot"/>
    </birds>
</pets>

// DemoPropertyTree.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.
//Prerequisite boost library
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <boost/property_tree/xml_parser.hpp>
#include <boost/property_tree/ptree.hpp>
#include <boost/foreach.hpp>
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
using namespace boost;
using namespace boost::property_tree;
void processPet(ptree subtree)
{
    BOOST_FOREACH(ptree::value_type petChild,subtree.get_child(""))
    {
        //processing attributes of element pet
        if(petChild.first=="<xmlattr>")
        {
            BOOST_FOREACH(ptree::value_type petAttr,petChild.second.get_child(""))
            {
                cout<<petAttr.first<<"="<<petAttr.second.data()<<endl;
            }
        }
        //processing child element of pet(something)
        else if(petChild.first=="something")
        {
            BOOST_FOREACH(ptree::value_type somethingChild,petChild.second.get_child(""))
            {
                //processing attributes of element something
                if(somethingChild.first=="<xmlattr>")
                {
                    BOOST_FOREACH(ptree::value_type somethingAttr,somethingChild.second.get_child(""))
                    {
                        cout<<somethingAttr.first<<"="<<somethingAttr.second.data()<<endl;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
void processBirds(ptree subtree)
{
    BOOST_FOREACH(ptree::value_type birdsChild,subtree.get_child(""))
    {
        //processing attributes of element birds
        if(birdsChild.first=="<xmlattr>")
        {
            BOOST_FOREACH(ptree::value_type birdsAttr,birdsChild.second.get_child(""))
            {
                cout<<birdsAttr.first<<"="<<birdsAttr.second.data()<<endl;
            }
        }
        //processing child element of birds(bird)
        else if(birdsChild.first=="bird")
        {
            BOOST_FOREACH(ptree::value_type birdChild,birdsChild.second.get_child(""))
            {
                //processing attributes of element bird
                if(birdChild.first=="<xmlattr>")
                {
                    BOOST_FOREACH(ptree::value_type birdAttr,birdChild.second.get_child(""))
                    {
                        cout<<birdAttr.first<<"="<<birdAttr.second.data()<<endl;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
    const std::string XML_PATH1 = "C:/Users/10871/Desktop/pets.xml";
    ptree pt1;
    boost::property_tree::read_xml( XML_PATH1, pt1  );
     cout<<"********************************************"<<endl;
    BOOST_FOREACH( ptree::value_type const& topNodeChild, pt1.get_child( "pets" ) ) 
    {
        ptree subtree = topNodeChild.second;
        if( topNodeChild.first == "pet" ) 
        {
             processPet(subtree);
             cout<<"********************************************"<<endl;
        }
        else if(topNodeChild.first=="birds")
        {
            processBirds(subtree);
             cout<<"********************************************"<<endl;
        }
    }
    getchar();
    return 0;
}

输出如下所示:输出