创建所有线程后pthread_barrier_wait挂起

pthread_barrier_wait hangs after creation of all threads

本文关键字：barrier wait 挂起 pthread 线程 创建      更新时间：2023-10-16

我正在尝试编写一个简单的程序来使用屏障等待创建多个线程，然后再从main打印消息。

这是我的代码：

#include <iostream>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstdint>
#define NUM_THREADS 8
pthread_barrier_t barrier;
void *threadFun(void *tid)
{
    intptr_t temp = (intptr_t) tid;
    printf("Hello from thread %dn", temp);
}
int main()
{
    pthread_t threads[NUM_THREADS];
    int rc;
    pthread_barrier_init(&barrier, NULL, NUM_THREADS);
    for(int i = 0; i < NUM_THREADS; ++i) {
        rc = pthread_create(&threads[i], NULL, threadFun, (void *) i);
        if(rc)  {
            printf("Error creating thread %dn", i);
            exit(-1);
        }
    }
    pthread_barrier_wait(&barrier);
    printf("Hello from main!n");
    for(int i = 0; i < NUM_THREADS; ++i) {
        pthread_join(threads[i], NULL);
    }
    pthread_barrier_destroy(&barrier);
    return 0;
}

目前，我的程序打印一些非确定性的"来自线程的你好"语句，并在打印"Hello from main！但是，它始终打印 8 条线程消息。因此，将创建所有线程。

为什么还挂着？

屏障期望在 NUM_THREADS 次上wait，但只有一个线程（主线程）实际调用pthread_barrier_wait。

如果要将 main 与工作线程同步，则需要初始化 NUM_WORKER_THREADS + 1 的屏障。

//  q30941549.cpp
// https://stackoverflow.com/questions/30941549
#include <iostream>
#include <pthread.h>
#define NUM_THREADS 8
pthread_barrier_t barrier;
void *threadFun(void *tid) {
  printf("Work done by thread %ld BEFORE the barrier.n", (long)tid);
  pthread_barrier_wait(&barrier);
  printf("Hello from thread %ld AFTER the barrier.n", (long)tid);
  pthread_exit(NULL);
}
int main() {
  pthread_t threads[NUM_THREADS];
  int rc;
  pthread_barrier_init(&barrier, NULL, NUM_THREADS+1);
  for(int i = 0; i < NUM_THREADS; ++i) {
    rc = pthread_create(&threads[i], NULL, threadFun, (void *)(long)i);
    if(rc)  {
      printf("Error creating thread %dn", i);
      exit(-1);
    }
  }
  printf(" X- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Xn");
  printf("main thread BEFORE the barrier.n");
  printf(" = = BEFORE barrier = BEFORE barrier = =n");
  pthread_barrier_wait(&barrier);
  printf(" = = AFTER barrier = = AFTER barrier = =n");
  printf("Hello from main! AFTER the barrier.n");
  printf(" Y- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Yn");
  for(int i = 0; i < NUM_THREADS; ++i) {
    pthread_join(threads[i], NULL);
  }
  printf("* - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - *n");
  printf("This line is ALWAYS last. Only main lives after join.n");
  return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

编译并运行：

g++ -pthread q30941549.cpp && ./a.out # Linux
g++ -pthread q30941549.cpp && ./a.exe # MSYS2, Windows

如果您尝试运行几次，您可能会看到类似以下内容：

Work done by thread 0 BEFORE the barrier.
Work done by thread 3 BEFORE the barrier.
Work done by thread 6 BEFORE the barrier.
Work done by thread 4 BEFORE the barrier.
Work done by thread 1 BEFORE the barrier.
Work done by thread 5 BEFORE the barrier.
Work done by thread 7 BEFORE the barrier.
Work done by thread 2 BEFORE the barrier.
 X- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -X
main thread BEFORE the barrier.
 = = BEFORE barrier = BEFORE barrier = =
 = = AFTER barrier = = AFTER barrier = =
Hello from main! AFTER the barrier.
 Y- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Y
Hello from thread 6 AFTER the barrier.
Hello from thread 4 AFTER the barrier.
Hello from thread 1 AFTER the barrier.
Hello from thread 5 AFTER the barrier.
Hello from thread 7 AFTER the barrier.
Hello from thread 2 AFTER the barrier.
Hello from thread 0 AFTER the barrier.
Hello from thread 3 AFTER the barrier.
* - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - *
This line is ALWAYS last. Only main lives after join.
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