从文件写入类型为类的向量

Write to a Vector of Type Class from a File

本文关键字:向量 类型 文件      更新时间:2023-10-16

将向量保存到文件中可以正常工作。但我正在寻找一种将保存的数据加载回矢量的简单方法。

这是我之前问过的两个后续问题。

1) C++ 将数据输入私有向量时遇到问题(无效使用)

2) 类型类的输出向量

循环访问文件并push_back()每个元素的简单方法是什么?

这是类:

class Account
{
    private:
        string firstName;
        string lastName;
        string accountPass;
        int accountID;
        float accountBalance;
    public:
        static Account createAccount( int, float, string, string, string ); //creates new account
        int getAccountID() const { return accountID; }
        string getPass() const { return accountPass; }
        string getFirstName() const { return firstName; }
        string getLastName() const { return lastName; }
        float getBalance() const { return accountBalance; }
        friend std::ostream& operator << (std::ostream&, const Account&);
        friend class BankingSystem;
}; //end of class Account

Account Account::createAccount( int ID, float balance, string pass, string first, string last )
{    
    Account a;
    a.accountID = ID;
    a.accountPass = pass;
    a.firstName = first;
    a.lastName = last;
    a.accountBalance = balance;
    return a;
}
std::ostream & operator << (std::ostream & os, const Account & acc)
{
    os << setw(6) << acc.getAccountID();
    os << setw(4) << acc.getPass();
    os << setw(9) << acc.getFirstName();
    os << setw(9) << acc.getLastName();
    os << setw(9) << setprecision(2) << fixed << acc.getBalance();
    return os;
}
如果文件中

唯一写入Account,您可以使用以下 1 行代码将它们全部读取到向量(或任何可push_back的容器)中:

std::copy(std::istream_iterator<Account>(file), std::istream_iterator<Account>(), std::back_inserter(vec));

还需要一个类似于您已有operator<<operator>>

在这个问题中找到答案 使用用户定义的类类型对象的向量

对我来说,它是通过使用来解决的:

while(!inBankSysFile.eof()) 
{
    Account a;
    inBankSysFile >> a.accountID;
    inBankSysFile >> a.accountPass;
    inBankSysFile >> a.firstName;
    inBankSysFile >> a.lastName;
    inBankSysFile >> a.accountBalance;
    accounts_.push_back(a);
}

如果你没有任何动态内存,你可以使用 ifstream::read 和 ofstream::write 和 vector::d ata 非常轻松地将其读写为二进制文件。 下面是一个示例:

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;
class Time
{
public:
Time(): hh(0),mm(0),ss(0) {}
Time(int h,int m,int s):hh(h),mm(m),ss(s) {}
int hh,mm,ss;
};
int main()
{
    Time time1(11,22,33);
    Time time2(44,55,66);
    vector<Time> timeList;
    timeList.push_back(time1);
    timeList.push_back(time2);
    vector<Time> timeList2;
    timeList2.resize(2,Time());
    ofstream fout;
    fout.open("test.txt");
    if(fout.is_open())
    {
        // vector.data returns a pointer to the beginning of its stored data
        // 1st param: the location to read data from
        // 2nd param: the amount of bytes to write to the file
        fout.write((const char*)timeList.data(),sizeof(Time)*timeList.size());
        fout.close();
    }
    ifstream fin;
    fin.open("test.txt");
    if(fin.is_open())
    {
        // 1st param: the location to write data to
        // 2nd param: the amount of bytes to read from the file
        // NOTE: make sure you've sized the vector appropriately before writing to it.
        fin.read((char*)timeList2.data(),sizeof(Time)*timeList2.size());
        for(int i=0;i<timeList2.size();++i) {
            cout << timeList2[i].hh << ":" << timeList2[i].mm << ":" << timeList2[i].ss << "n";
        }
        fin.close();
    }

    return 0;
}

注意:读取/写入使用动态内存的对象(包括包含包含动态内存的类的对象,如 std::string)将需要额外的处理逻辑来处理该数据的读取和写入。

注意:使用任何对象的大小时,请注意结构对齐填充的差异。