字符串的复制构造函数上的隔离错误

我在使用复制构造函数创建 c++ 字符串的行上遇到段错误。我已经查看了一些类似的问题，但它们都是由于传入了一个错误的 c++ 字符串对象。我只是传入一个原始字符串，所以我不确定我的问题是什么。我将粘贴相关的代码片段（它取自几个不同的文件，所以它可能看起来有点混乱）。段错误发生在 Species 类的默认构造函数的第 4 行。

Species::Species(string _type) {
    program_length = 0;
    cout << _type << " 1n";
    cout << type << " 2n";
    type = string(_type);
}
Grid::Grid(int _width, int _height) {
    *wall = Species("wall");
    *empty = Species("empty");
    turn_number = 0;
    width = _width;
    height = _height;
    for(int a= 0; a < 100; a++)
        for(int b = 0; b< 100; b++) {
            Creature empty_creature = Creature(*empty,a,b,NORTH,this);
            (Grid::map)[a][b] = empty_creature;
        }
}
int main() {
    Grid world = Grid(8,8);
}
class Grid {
protected:
    Creature map[100][100];
    int width,height;
    int turn_number;
    Species *empty;
    Species *wall;
public:
    Grid();
    Grid(int _width, int _height);
    void addCreature(Species &_species, int x, int y, Direction orientation);
    void addWall(int x, int y);
    void takeTurn();
    void infect(int x, int y, Direction orientation, Species &_species);
    void hop(int x, int y, Direction orientation);
    bool ifWall(int x, int y, Direction orientation);
    bool ifEnemy(int x, int y, Direction orientation, Species &_species);
    bool ifEmpty(int x, int y, Direction orientation);
    void print();
};
class Species {
    protected:
    int program_length;
    string program[100];
    string type;
    public:
    species(string _type);
    void addInstruction(string instruction);
    bool isWall();
    bool isEmpty();
    bool isEnemy(Species _enemy);
    string instructionAt(int index);
    string getType();
};

这是我从墙上删除指针并清空后的更新代码。我现在收到一个奇怪的错误（"错误：字段墙不是网格的成员"）：

Grid::Grid(int _width, int _height) {
    (Grid::wall) = Species("wall");
        (Grid::empty) = Species("empty");
        cout << (*wall).getType() << "n";
        turn_number = 0;
        width = _width;
        height = _height;
        for(int a= 0; a < 100; a++)
            for(int b = 0; b< 100; b++) {
                Creature empty_creature = Creature(Grid::empty,a,b,NORTH,this);
                (Grid::map)[a][b] = empty_creature;
            }
}
class Grid {
protected:
    Creature map[100][100];
    int width,height;
    int turn_number;
    Species empty;
    Species wall;
public:
    Grid();
    Grid(int _width, int _height);
    void addCreature(Species &_species, int x, int y, Direction orientation);
    void addWall(int x, int y);
    void takeTurn();
    void infect(int x, int y, Direction orientation, Species &_species);
    void hop(int x, int y, Direction orientation);
    bool ifWall(int x, int y, Direction orientation);
    bool ifEnemy(int x, int y, Direction orientation, Species &_species);
    bool ifEmpty(int x, int y, Direction orientation);
    void print();
};