尝试在 C++ 中很少设计模式

attempt to little design pattern in c++

本文关键字:设计模式 C++      更新时间:2023-10-16

我正在学习 C++。 我非常了解Java和Python,但是在我的C ++试验中使用一些花哨的设计模式让我很生气。

这是我的文件,我认为它们非常自动解释,如果有什么问题,欢迎评论!

我有一个具有行为的类引擎..我想将行为代入不同的特定行为..但是没有子类也很容易。

主要.cpp :

#include "Engine.h"
int main() {
    Engine e;
    e.work();
    return 0;
};

发动机:

#ifndef ENGINE_H_
#define ENGINE_H_
#include <iostream>
#include "Behaviour.h"
class Engine {
public:
    Engine() {
        std::cout << "Engine constructor" << std::endl;
        this->b = new Behaviour(this);
    };
    virtual ~Engine(){};
    void work() {
        std::cout << "Engine work" << std::endl;
    };
    int getFoo() { return 42; };
private:
    Behaviour * b;
};
#endif /*  ENGINE_H_ */

行为.h :

#ifndef BEHAVIOUR_H_
#define BEHAVIOUR_H_
#include <iostream>
#include "Engine.h"
class Behaviour {
public:
    Behaviour(Engine* e) {
        std::cout << "behaviour constructor, kind of abstract class" << std::endl;
        this->e = e;
    };
    virtual ~Behaviour(){};
    void work() {
        std::cout << "Behaviour work" << this->e->getFoo() << std::endl;
    };
protected:
    Engine * e;
};
#endif /*  BEHAVIOUR_H_ */

我的编译器错误:

$ rm *.gch; c++ *
In file included from Behaviour.h:5:
Engine.h:26: error: ISO C++ forbids declaration of ‘Behaviour’ with no type
Engine.h:26: error: expected ‘;’ before ‘*’ token
Engine.h: In constructor ‘Engine::Engine()’:
Engine.h:14: error: ‘class Engine’ has no member named ‘b’
Engine.h:14: error: expected type-specifier before ‘Behaviour’
Engine.h:14: error: expected ‘;’ before ‘Behaviour’
In file included from Engine.h:5:
Behaviour.h:11: error: expected ‘)’ before ‘*’ token
Behaviour.h:23: error: ISO C++ forbids declaration of ‘Engine’ with no type
Behaviour.h:23: error: expected ‘;’ before ‘*’ token
Behaviour.h: In member function ‘void Behaviour::work()’:
Behaviour.h:19: error: ‘class Behaviour’ has no member named ‘e’
Engine.h: In constructor ‘Engine::Engine()’:
Engine.h:14: error: no matching function for call to ‘Behaviour::Behaviour(Engine* const)’
Behaviour.h:7: note: candidates are: Behaviour::Behaviour()
Behaviour.h:7: note:                 Behaviour::Behaviour(const Behaviour&)

我想我需要一些前向声明,但我不确定,浏览教程并进行一些试验根本无法解决我的问题。

Engine.h中,将包含替换为前向声明:

#include "Behaviour.h"

class Behaviour;

Behavior.h内部的class Engine;也一样。

由于具有循环依赖项,因此需要使用前向声明而不是包含。

您还需要在 cpp 文件中分离实现。仅靠转发声明不会让您致电this->b = new Behaviour(this);.

另外,花一些时间重新考虑您的设计。这种依赖性通常是一种代码气味。

您遇到了循环依赖问题,通常,您必须在 CPP 文件中实现行为的方法,但这可能不是最佳实践。我认为引擎在您的应用程序中是一个非常重要的抽象概念,您可以使用纯虚拟类作为接口定义来描述它。

例如:

IEngine.h

class IEngine {
public:
    void work() = 0;
};
IEngine* newEngine();

EngineImpl.h

class EngineImpl : public IEngine {
public:
    void work();
};

发动机.cpp

void EngineImpl::work();
   // do some works
}
IEngine* newEngine() {
    return new EngineImpl();
}

现在,您可以通过包含 IEngine.h 在代码中的任何位置使用 IEngine 引擎,甚至可以通过定义以下内容来插入引擎单例:

IEngine.h:

IEngine* sharedEngine();

发动机.cpp

IEngine* sharedEngine() {
    static IEngine *engineInst = 0;
    if (!engineInst)
        engineInst = new EngineImpl();
    return engineInst; 
}