Directx11 渲染与C++不起作用
Directx11 Rendering with C++ Not Working
我开始练习使用 directx11 渲染。我已经在directx 9中完成了渲染。但是DX11是一个痛苦的屁股。我甚至无法画一个简单的火车。我不知道我做错了什么。
我尝试删除深度和模板缓冲区，但徒劳无功。因此，在对此问题沉思了2个小时之后，我仍然找不到解决方案。
任何人都可以好心地帮助我..请伙计们
谢谢
这是完整的代码
#include <Windows.h>
#include <windowsx.h>
#include <D3D11.h>
#include <D3DX10math.h>
#include <dxerr.h>
#include <D3DX11.h>
#include <D3DX10.h>
#include "CoreApp.h"
#include "AppTime.h"
using namespace std;
#pragma comment (lib, "d3d11.lib")
#pragma comment (lib, "d3dx11.lib")
#pragma comment (lib, "d3dx10.lib")
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND,UINT,WPARAM,LPARAM);
bool InitWindowClass(HINSTANCE hinst,int shw,HWND * _hwnd,WNDCLASSEX * exClass);
RECT windowWidth = {0,0, 512,512};
void TW_CALL _Callbak(void * clenddata);
void InitPipeline();
void initGraphics();
ID3D11VertexShader * vshader = 0;
ID3D11PixelShader * pixelShader = 0;
ID3D11Device * d3dDevice = 0;
ID3D11DeviceContext * d3dContext = 0;
#pragma region verticles
struct CVertex
{
float X,Y,Z;
D3DXCOLOR col;
};
namespace Color
{
D3DXCOLOR white (255);
D3DXCOLOR Red ((float)255,0.0,0.0,1.0);
}
#pragma endregion
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE inst,HINSTANCE previnst,LPSTR cmdLine,int show)
{
// Window Params
HWND hwnd;
WNDCLASSEX exClass;
MSG msg;
GameTime time;
// Iniitaliztion
SecureZeroMemory(&hwnd,sizeof(HWND));
SecureZeroMemory(&exClass,sizeof(exClass));
SecureZeroMemory(&msg,sizeof(MSG));
SecureZeroMemory(&time,sizeof(time));
if(InitWindowClass(inst,show,&hwnd,&exClass))
{
// Directx 11 Functionalities
#pragma region Create the device
D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL feature_LEVEL; // Output feature level
HRESULT hr = D3D11CreateDevice(0,
D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE,
0,
0, // No flags
0,0,
D3D11_SDK_VERSION,
&d3dDevice,
&feature_LEVEL,&d3dContext);
if(FAILED(hr))
{
MessageBox(hwnd,L"Failed TO CREATE DEVICE",L"ERROR",0);
}
#pragma endregion
#pragma region Multisampling
UINT multisampleQuality = 0;
d3dDevice->CheckMultisampleQualityLevels(DXGI_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM,4,&multisampleQuality);
#pragma endregion
#pragma region DescribeSwapChain
DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC swapDesc;
// Allocate Mommory
SecureZeroMemory(&swapDesc,sizeof(DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC));
swapDesc.BufferDesc.Width = 512;
swapDesc.BufferDesc.Height = 512;
swapDesc.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Numerator= 60;
swapDesc.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Denominator = 1;
swapDesc.BufferDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM;
swapDesc.BufferDesc.ScanlineOrdering = DXGI_MODE_SCANLINE_ORDER_UNSPECIFIED;
swapDesc.BufferDesc.Scaling = DXGI_MODE_SCALING_UNSPECIFIED;
//MSAA
swapDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 4;
swapDesc.SampleDesc.Quality = multisampleQuality -1;
//BackBuffer
swapDesc.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT;
swapDesc.BufferCount = 1;
swapDesc.OutputWindow = hwnd;
swapDesc.Windowed = true;
swapDesc.SwapEffect = DXGI_SWAP_EFFECT_DISCARD;
swapDesc.Flags = DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_FLAG_ALLOW_MODE_SWITCH;
#pragma endregion
#pragma region CreateSwapChain
#pragma region Obtain DXGIFactory
// DXGIFactory >> DXGIAdaptor >> DXGIDevice
// Get the DXGI device
IDXGIDevice * dxgiDevice = 0;
d3dDevice->QueryInterface(__uuidof(IDXGIDevice),(void**)&dxgiDevice);
// Obtain DXGIAdaptor
IDXGIAdapter * dxgiAdaptor = 0;
dxgiDevice->GetParent(__uuidof(IDXGIAdapter),(void**)&dxgiAdaptor);
IDXGIFactory * dxgiFactory = 0;
dxgiAdaptor->GetParent(__uuidof(IDXGIFactory),(void**)&dxgiFactory);
#pragma endregion
IDXGISwapChain * SwapChain = 0;
if(FAILED(dxgiFactory->CreateSwapChain(d3dDevice,&swapDesc,&SwapChain)))
{
MessageBox(hwnd,L"Failed Creating back buffer",L"Error",0);
}
dxgiFactory->MakeWindowAssociation(hwnd,0);
//Release COMs
dxgiAdaptor->Release();
dxgiDevice->Release();
dxgiFactory->Release();
/*IDXGISwapChain * SwapChain = 0;
if(FAILED(D3D11CreateDeviceAndSwapChain(0,D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE,0,0,0,0,D3D11_SDK_VERSION,&swapDesc,&SwapChain,&d3dDevice,&feature_LEVEL,&d3dContext)))
{
MessageBox(hwnd,L"Failed Creating back buffer and device",L"Error",0);
}*/
#pragma endregion
#pragma region Create Render Target View
ID3D11RenderTargetView * RenderTarget ;
ID3D11Texture2D * backBuffer ;
SecureZeroMemory(&backBuffer,sizeof(ID3D11Texture2D));
SecureZeroMemory(&RenderTarget,sizeof(ID3D11RenderTargetView));
SwapChain->GetBuffer(0,__uuidof(ID3D11Texture2D),(void**)&backBuffer);
d3dDevice->CreateRenderTargetView(backBuffer,NULL,&RenderTarget);
// d3dContext->OM
//Release COM
backBuffer->Release();
#pragma endregion
#pragma region Create Depth Stencil Texture
D3D11_TEXTURE2D_DESC depthDesc;
SecureZeroMemory(&depthDesc,sizeof(depthDesc)); // Allocate Memeory
depthDesc.ArraySize = 1;
//Flags
depthDesc.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_DEPTH_STENCIL;
depthDesc.CPUAccessFlags = 0;
depthDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_D24_UNORM_S8_UINT; // Format
// Area
depthDesc.Height = 512;
depthDesc.Width = 512;
// Mipmap and MXAA
depthDesc.MipLevels= 1;
depthDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 4;
depthDesc.SampleDesc.Quality = multisampleQuality -1;
depthDesc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;
depthDesc.MiscFlags = 0;
// Create and initialize pointers
ID3D11Texture2D * DepthTexture = 0;
ID3D11DepthStencilView * depthView = 0;
//d3dDevice->CreateTexture2D(&depthDesc,0,&DepthTexture);
// d3dDevice->CreateDepthStencilView(DepthTexture,0,&depthView);
#pragma endregion
#pragma region Bind to Output
d3dContext->OMSetRenderTargets(1,&RenderTarget,NULL); // removed depth buffer for testing but still wont work
#pragma endregion
#pragma region Create ViewPort
D3D11_VIEWPORT viewport;
//Clear mommory
SecureZeroMemory(&viewport,sizeof(viewport));
viewport.Height = 512;
viewport.Width = 512;
viewport.MinDepth = 0;
viewport.MaxDepth = 1;
viewport.TopLeftX = 0;
viewport.TopLeftY = 0;
d3dContext->RSSetViewports(1,&viewport);
#pragma endregion
TwInit(ETwGraphAPI::TW_DIRECT3D11,d3dDevice);
TwWindowSize(swapDesc.BufferDesc.Width,swapDesc.BufferDesc.Height);
time.Reset();
InitPipeline();
#pragma region Vertex Buffer Creation
CVertex vertex[3] = {
{0,0,0,Color::white},
{0.5,0,0,Color::white},
{0.25,0.5,0,Color::Red},
};
D3D11_BUFFER_DESC VbufferDesc;
D3D11_SUBRESOURCE_DATA vBufferInit;
SecureZeroMemory(&vertex,sizeof(vertex));
SecureZeroMemory(&VbufferDesc,sizeof(VbufferDesc));
SecureZeroMemory(&vBufferInit,sizeof(vBufferInit));
VbufferDesc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;
VbufferDesc.BindFlags = D3D10_BIND_VERTEX_BUFFER;
VbufferDesc.ByteWidth = 3* sizeof(CVertex);
VbufferDesc.CPUAccessFlags = D3D11_CPU_ACCESS_FLAG::D3D11_CPU_ACCESS_READ;
VbufferDesc.MiscFlags = 0;
VbufferDesc.StructureByteStride = 0;
vBufferInit.pSysMem = vertex;
ID3D11Buffer * Vbuffer = {0};
d3dDevice->CreateBuffer(&VbufferDesc,&vBufferInit,&Vbuffer);
#pragma endregion
while(msg.message != WM_QUIT)
{
if(PeekMessage(&msg,hwnd,0,0,PM_REMOVE))
{
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}else{
// Update Sequences
// Rendering
d3dContext->ClearRenderTargetView(RenderTarget,D3DXCOLOR(0,0,300,0));
UINT stride = sizeof(CVertex);
UINT offset = 0;
d3dContext->IASetVertexBuffers(0,1,&Vbuffer,&stride,&offset);
d3dContext->IASetPrimitiveTopology(D3D11_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY::D3D10_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLESTRIP);
d3dContext->Draw(3,0);
SwapChain->Present(0,0);
}
}
}
return msg.wParam;
}
void InitPipeline()
{
ID3D10Blob * vBuffBlob = 0;
ID3D10Blob * pBuffBlob = 0;
//SecureZeroMemory(&vBuffBlob,sizeof(ID3D10Blob));
//SecureZeroMemory(&pBuffBlob,sizeof(ID3D10Blob));
SecureZeroMemory(&vshader,sizeof(ID3D11VertexShader));
SecureZeroMemory(&pixelShader,sizeof(ID3D11PixelShader));
HRESULT hr = D3DX11CompileFromFile(L"source.shader",0,0,"VShader","vs_4_0",0,0,0,&vBuffBlob,0,0);
D3DX11CompileFromFile(L"source.shader",0,0,"PShader","ps_4_0",0,0,0,&pBuffBlob,0,0);
if(FAILED(hr))
MessageBeep(1);
d3dDevice->CreateVertexShader(vBuffBlob->GetBufferPointer(),vBuffBlob->GetBufferSize(),NULL,&vshader);
d3dDevice->CreatePixelShader(pBuffBlob->GetBufferPointer(),pBuffBlob->GetBufferSize(),NULL,&pixelShader);
D3D11_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC inp[] = {
{"POSITION",0,DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT,0,0,D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA,0},
{"COLOR",0,DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT,0,12,D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA,0}
};
SecureZeroMemory(inp,sizeof(inp));
ID3D11InputLayout * inputL = 0;
d3dDevice->CreateInputLayout(inp,2,vBuffBlob->GetBufferPointer(),vBuffBlob->GetBufferSize(),&inputL);
d3dContext->IASetInputLayout(inputL);
d3dContext->VSSetShader(vshader,NULL,0);
d3dContext->PSSetShader(pixelShader,0,0);
pBuffBlob->Release();
vBuffBlob->Release();
}
// Initialize and show the Window
bool InitWindowClass(HINSTANCE hinst,int shw,HWND * _hwnd,WNDCLASSEX * exClass)
{
exClass->cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
exClass->hCursor = LoadCursor(0,IDC_ARROW);
exClass->hInstance = hinst;
exClass->lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
exClass->lpszClassName = L"DX_Test";
exClass->lpszMenuName = L"Test";
exClass->hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);
RegisterClassEx(exClass);
AdjustWindowRect(&windowWidth,WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,false);
(*_hwnd) = CreateWindowEx(0,L"DX_Test",L"Test",WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,500,200,windowWidth.right - windowWidth.left,windowWidth.bottom-windowWidth.top,NULL,NULL,hinst,0);
ShowWindow((*_hwnd),shw);
UpdateWindow(*_hwnd);
return true;
}
// Message Loop
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd,UINT msg,WPARAM wparam,LPARAM lparam)
{
.....
首先，您没有正确初始化D3D11_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC结构。你有：
D3D11_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC inp[] = {
{"POSITION",0,DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT,0,0},
{"COLOR",0,DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT,0,12}
};
SecureZeroMemory(inp,sizeof(inp));
它部分初始化结构，然后将其完全归零。该代码片段应为：
D3D11_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC inp[] = {
{"POSITION", 0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT, 0, 0, D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0},
{"COLOR", 0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT, 0, 12, D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0},
};
它给出了输入的完整描述以及它在内存中的布局方式。
其次，我建议把整个项目放在一边，花大约一周的时间阅读Chuck链接的两个教程，尽可能多地阅读MSDN的信息，并仔细阅读Frank D. Luna的书。很多这些东西在他的书中都有涉及，所有的代码都可以在网上找到，所以这本书不需要学习API(尽管它肯定有帮助(。
DirectX 9 更容易习惯，因为固定函数管道有助于组织大量额外的工作。但是，如果使用 DirectX 9.0c 和着色器模型 2.x/3，则此代码中的许多代码非常相似，现在需要这些代码，因为 D3D 中不再有固定的函数管道。
相关文章：
- 我的神经网络不起作用 [XOR 问题]
- 在C++程序中输入的文本文件将不起作用，除非文本被复制和粘贴
- C++映射:具有自定义类的运算符[]不起作用(总是返回0）
- C++为什么尽管我调用了void函数，它却不起作用
- 为什么在保护模式下继承升级不起作用
- 循环在计数器中不起作用
- 在其他文件中创建类时在 c++ 项目中不起作用
- Visual studio代码重构似乎不起作用(例如，重命名符号-f2）
- 为什么二进制搜索在我的测试中不起作用
- 我的代码中有错误吗?使用BGI图形的C++代码对我不起作用
- 为什么 const std：:p air<K，V>& 在 std：：map 上基于范围的 for 循环不起作用？
- 带有指定长度字符* 参数的 std：：regex_search 在 VS2017 中不起作用？
- Bjarne Stroustrup Book - std_lib_facilities.h - 不起作用(未知类型名称)
- 为什么简单的算术减法在"if"条件下不起作用？
- 为什么Stroustup书中的has_f不起作用
- 你能检查一下为什么在这个代码中从链接列表中删除项目不起作用吗
- 嵌套While循环不起作用(C++问题）
- C++Matching Brackets 2解决方案不起作用
- 为什么这段代码不起作用，我该如何解决?
- 我正在开发服务器，ip作为参数传递不起作用
