在 c++ 中将字符串拆分为多个部分

Split String into parts in c++

本文关键字:个部 拆分 字符串 c++      更新时间:2023-10-16

我刚刚开始学习 c++,我在想他们有什么拆分字符串的方法。莱姆说得更清楚。假设用户输入字符串,出生日期,格式如下dd-mm-yy。现在我希望将日期、月份和年份存储在 3 个不同的变量中。那我该怎么做??
PS:我用谷歌搜索了一下,发现这可以使用boot::regex来完成。但是,我仍然想知道是否有更简单的方法可以做到这一点。作为一个初学者阻碍了我。:P无论如何,任何帮助将不胜感激。
简要介绍:
我想要这样的东西。

Enter date: //Accept the date
22-3-17     //Input by user
Date : 22   //Output
Month: 3    //Output
Year : 17   //Output

您可以使用 sscanf 函数:http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/io/c/fscanf

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
    string date;
    cin>>date;
    int day, month, year;
    sscanf(date.c_str(), "%d-%d-%d", &day, &month, &year);
    cout << day << ' ' << month << ' ' << year;
    return 0;
}

有不同的方法可以做到这一点。对于"最简单的"方式,我建议将std::string::find((方法(http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/string/string/find/(与std::string::substr((方法(http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/string/string/substr/(结合使用。

对于正则表达式的使用,您不需要 boost:http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/regex/

可以使用运算符 [] 获取字符串的字符。

http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/string/string/operator[]/

这是一个完整的工作程序,它已编译、构建并成功运行在运行 Windows 7 64 位的英特尔酷睿 2 Quad Extreme 上使用 Visual Studio 2015 社区版,该程序已检索 OP 以特定格式请求的信息,适当地解析信息或数据字符串,并以请求或要求的格式显示结果。

stdafx.h

#ifndef STDAFX_H
#define STDAFX_H
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iterator>
#include <tchar.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
enum ReturnCode {
    RETURN_OK = 0,
    RETURN_ERROR = 1,
}; // ReturnCode
#endif // STDAFX_H

stdafx.cpp

#include "stdafx.h"

实用性.h

#ifndef UTILITY_H
#define UTILITY_H
class Utility {
public:
    static void pressAnyKeyToQuit();
    static std::string  toUpper( const std::string& str );
    static std::string  toLower( const std::string& str );
    static std::string  trim( const std::string& str, const std::string elementsToTrim = " tnr" );
    static unsigned     convertToUnsigned( const std::string& str );
    static int          convertToInt( const std::string& str );
    static float        convertToFloat( const std::string& str );
    static std::vector<std::string> splitString( const std::string& strStringToSplit, const std::string& strDelimiter, const bool keepEmpty = true ); 
private:
    Utility(); // Private - Not A Class Object
    Utility( const Utility& c ); // Not Implemented
    Utility& operator=( const Utility& c ); // Not Implemented
    template<typename T>
    static bool stringToValue( const std::string& str, T* pValue, unsigned uNumValues );
    template<typename T>
    static T getValue( const std::string& str, std::size_t& remainder );
}; // Utility
#include "Utility.inl"
#endif // UTILITY_H

Utility.inl

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// stringToValue()
template<typename T>
static bool Utility::stringToValue(const std::string& str, T* pValue, unsigned uNumValues) {
    int numCommas = std::count(str.begin(), str.end(), ',');
    if (numCommas != uNumValues - 1) {
        return false;
    }
    std::size_t remainder;
    pValue[0] = getValue<T>(str, remainder);
    if (uNumValues == 1) {
        if (str.size() != remainder) {
            return false;
        }
    }
    else {
        std::size_t offset = remainder;
        if (str.at(offset) != ',') {
            return false;
        }
        unsigned uLastIdx = uNumValues - 1;
        for (unsigned u = 1; u < uNumValues; ++u) {
            pValue[u] = getValue<T>(str.substr(++offset), remainder);
            offset += remainder;
            if ((u < uLastIdx && str.at(offset) != ',') ||
                (u == uLastIdx && offset != str.size()))
            {
                return false;
            }
        }
    }
    return true;
} // stringToValue

效用.cpp

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "Utility.h"
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// pressAnyKeyToQuit()
void Utility::pressAnyKeyToQuit() {
    std::cout << "Press any key to quit" << std::endl;
    _getch();
} // pressAnyKeyToQuit
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// toUpper()
std::string Utility::toUpper(const std::string& str) {
    std::string result = str;
    std::transform(str.begin(), str.end(), result.begin(), ::toupper);
return result;
} // toUpper

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// toLower()
std::string Utility::toLower(const std::string& str) {
    std::string result = str;
    std::transform(str.begin(), str.end(), result.begin(), ::tolower);
    return result;
} // toLower
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// trim()
// Removes Elements To Trim From Left And Right Side Of The str
std::string Utility::trim(const std::string& str, const std::string elementsToTrim) {
    std::basic_string<char>::size_type firstIndex = str.find_first_not_of(elementsToTrim);
    if (firstIndex == std::string::npos) {
        return std::string(); // Nothing Left
    }
    std::basic_string<char>::size_type lastIndex = str.find_last_not_of(elementsToTrim);
    return str.substr(firstIndex, lastIndex - firstIndex + 1);
} // trim
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// getValue()
template<>
float Utility::getValue(const std::string& str, std::size_t& remainder) {
    return std::stof(str, &remainder);
} // getValue <float>
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// getValue()
template<>
int Utility::getValue(const std::string& str, std::size_t& remainder) {
    return std::stoi(str, &remainder);
} // getValue <int>
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// getValue()
template<>
unsigned Utility::getValue(const std::string& str, std::size_t& remainder) {
    return std::stoul(str, &remainder);
} // getValue <unsigned>
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// convertToUnsigned()
unsigned Utility::convertToUnsigned(const std::string& str) {
    unsigned u = 0;
    if (!stringToValue(str, &u, 1)) {
        std::ostringstream strStream;
        strStream << __FUNCTION__ << " Bad conversion of [" << str << "] to unsigned";
        throw strStream.str();
    }
    return u;
} // convertToUnsigned
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// convertToInt()
int Utility::convertToInt(const std::string& str) {
    int i = 0;
    if (!stringToValue(str, &i, 1)) {
        std::ostringstream strStream;
        strStream << __FUNCTION__ << " Bad conversion of [" << str << "] to int";
        throw strStream.str();
    }
    return i;
} // convertToInt
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// convertToFloat()
float Utility::convertToFloat(const std::string& str) {
    float f = 0;
    if (!stringToValue(str, &f, 1)) {
        std::ostringstream strStream;
        strStream << __FUNCTION__ << " Bad conversion of [" << str << "] to float";
        throw strStream.str();
    }
    return f;
} // convertToFloat
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// splitString()
std::vector<std::string> Utility::splitString( const std::string& strStringToSplit, const std::string& strDelimiter, const bool keepEmpty ) {
    std::vector<std::string> vResult;
    if ( strDelimiter.empty() ) {
        vResult.push_back( strStringToSplit );
        return vResult;
    }
    std::string::const_iterator itSubStrStart = strStringToSplit.begin(), itSubStrEnd;
    while ( true ) {
        itSubStrEnd = search( itSubStrStart, strStringToSplit.end(), strDelimiter.begin(), strDelimiter.end() );
        std::string strTemp( itSubStrStart, itSubStrEnd );
        if ( keepEmpty || !strTemp.empty() ) {
            vResult.push_back( strTemp );
        }
        if ( itSubStrEnd == strStringToSplit.end() ) {
            break;
        }
        itSubStrStart = itSubStrEnd + strDelimiter.size();
    }
    return vResult;
} // splitString

主.cpp

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "Utility.h"
int main () {
    std::string date;
    std::cout << "Enter Date in DD-MM-YY Format.n" << std::endl;
    std::getline( std::cin, date );
    std::vector<std::string> vResults = Utility::splitString( date, "-" );
    std::cout << "nDate : " << vResults[0] << std::endl
              << "Month: " << vResults[1] << std::endl
              << "Year : " << vResults[2] << std::endl << std::endl;    
    Utility::pressAnyKeyToQuit();   
    return 0;
} // main