使用 std::array::size 实例化 std::array 时出错

Error when instantiating std::array using std::array::size

本文关键字:array std 出错 size 使用 实例化      更新时间:2023-10-16

示例代码测试.cpp

#include <array>
#include <string>
int main ()
{
  // OK
  const std::array<int, 2> array_int = {42, 1337};
  std::array<float, array_int.size()> array_float_ok;
  // Error
  const std::array<std::string, 2> array_string = {"foo", "bar"};
  std::array<float, array_string.size()> array_float_error;
  return 0;
}

使用 g++ 4.8.4 (Ubuntu 14.04( 编译

g++ -Wall -std=c++0x test.cpp -o test

给出以下错误消息

test.cpp: In function ‘int main()’:
test.cpp:14:39: error: call to non-constexpr function ‘constexpr std::array<_Tp, _Nm>::size_type std::array<_Tp, _Nm>::size() const [with _Tp = std::basic_string<char>; long unsigned int _Nm = 2ul; std::array<_Tp, _Nm>::size_type = long unsigned int]’
   std::array<float, array_string.size()> array_float_error;
                                       ^
In file included from test.cpp:1:0:
/usr/include/c++/4.8/array:162:7: note: ‘constexpr std::array<_Tp, _Nm>::size_type std::array<_Tp, _Nm>::size() const [with _Tp = std::basic_string<char>; long unsigned int _Nm = 2ul; std::array<_Tp, _Nm>::size_type = long unsigned int]’ is not usable as a constexpr function because:
       size() const noexcept { return _Nm; }
       ^
/usr/include/c++/4.8/array:162:7: error: enclosing class of constexpr non-static member function ‘constexpr std::array<_Tp, _Nm>::size_type std::array<_Tp, _Nm>::size() const [with _Tp = std::basic_string<char>; long unsigned int _Nm = 2ul; std::array<_Tp, _Nm>::size_type = long unsigned int]’ is not a literal type
/usr/include/c++/4.8/array:81:12: note: ‘std::array<std::basic_string<char>, 2ul>’ is not literal because:
     struct array
            ^
/usr/include/c++/4.8/array:81:12: note:   ‘std::array<std::basic_string<char>, 2ul>’ has a non-trivial destructor
test.cpp:14:39: error: call to non-constexpr function ‘constexpr std::array<_Tp, _Nm>::size_type std::array<_Tp, _Nm>::size() const [with _Tp = std::basic_string<char>; long unsigned int _Nm = 2ul; std::array<_Tp, _Nm>::size_type = long unsigned int]’
   std::array<float, array_string.size()> array_float_error;
                                       ^
test.cpp:14:40: note: in template argument for type ‘long unsigned int’
   std::array<float, array_string.size()> array_float_error;
                                        ^
test.cpp:14:59: error: invalid type in declaration before ‘;’ token
   std::array<float, array_string.size()> array_float_error;
                                                           ^
test.cpp:9:39: warning: unused variable ‘array_float_ok’ [-Wunused-variable]
   std::array<float, array_int.size()> array_float_ok;
                                       ^
test.cpp:14:42: warning: unused variable ‘array_float_error’ [-Wunused-variable]
   std::array<float, array_string.size()> array_float_error;
                                          ^

有人可以解释这个错误吗?为什么第一个示例有效,而第二个示例无法编译?

类型std::string不是文字类型,这意味着在编译时不能将其作为constexpr函数的一部分进行操作。在编译时,编译器尝试计算array_string的 size(( 函数。您在第一个错误中看到的函数第一个类型参数设置为 std::basic_string (又名 std::string(;因此,由于 std::string 不是文本类型,因此无法在编译时将该函数计算为 constexpr 函数,并且您有错误。

我会推荐您以下内容以了解有关constexpr的更多信息。

http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/constexpr

我会推荐您以下内容来了解文字类型。

http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/concept/LiteralType

最后,尝试以下简单的代码,您将看到 int 和 float 是文字类型,而 std::string 不是。您可以尝试使用其他类型,以查看什么是或不是文本类型。

#include <iostream>
int main(int argc, char** argv) 
{ 
    std::cout << std::is_literal_type<int>::value << std::endl;
    std::cout << std::is_literal_type<float>::value << std::endl;
    std::cout << std::is_literal_type<std::string>::value << std::endl;
    return 0;
}                                  

希望有帮助。

John