独立std::线程的C++std::向量

C++ std::vector of independent std::threads

本文关键字:C++std 向量 线程 std 独立      更新时间:2023-10-16

我正在构建一个实时软件,其中main()上有一个主要的无限循环和用于读取和处理数据的线程。

其中一个问题是保留运行线程的std::vector,以便向它们发送信号并监视执行。所以我把这个代码放在一起:

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <thread>
#include <chrono>
namespace readerThread {
    void start(int id)
    {
        while (1)
        {
            std::cout << "Reader " << id << " running..." <<  std::endl;
            std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(1000));
        }
    }
}

int main() 
{
        int readers[] = { 1, 2, 3 };
        
        std::vector<std::thread> readerThreads;
        for (int &reader : readers)
        {
            std::thread th(readerThread::start, reader);
            readerThreads.push_back(th);
        }
        while(true)
        {
            std::cout << "Waiting..." << std::endl;
            std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(10000));
        }
        
        return 0;
}

它甚至没有编译,得到了这个错误:

In file included from /usr/local/include/c++/5.1.0/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/bits/c++allocator.h:33:0,
                 from /usr/local/include/c++/5.1.0/bits/allocator.h:46,
                 from /usr/local/include/c++/5.1.0/string:41,
                 from /usr/local/include/c++/5.1.0/bits/locale_classes.h:40,
                 from /usr/local/include/c++/5.1.0/bits/ios_base.h:41,
                 from /usr/local/include/c++/5.1.0/ios:42,
                 from /usr/local/include/c++/5.1.0/ostream:38,
                 from /usr/local/include/c++/5.1.0/iostream:39,
                 from main.cpp:1:
/usr/local/include/c++/5.1.0/ext/new_allocator.h: In instantiation of 'void __gnu_cxx::new_allocator<_Tp>::construct(_Up*, _Args&& ...) [with _Up = std::thread; _Args = {const std::thread&}; _Tp = std::thread]':
/usr/local/include/c++/5.1.0/bits/alloc_traits.h:256:4:   required from 'static std::_Require<std::allocator_traits<_Alloc>::__has_construct<_Tp, _Args ...> > std::allocator_traits<_Alloc>::_S_construct(_Alloc&, _Tp*, _Args&& ...) [with _Tp = std::thread; _Args = {const std::thread&}; _Alloc = std::allocator<std::thread>; std::_Require<std::allocator_traits<_Alloc>::__has_construct<_Tp, _Args ...> > = void]'
/usr/local/include/c++/5.1.0/bits/alloc_traits.h:402:16:   required from 'static decltype (_S_construct(__a, __p, (forward<_Args>)(std::allocator_traits::construct::__args)...)) std::allocator_traits<_Alloc>::construct(_Alloc&, _Tp*, _Args&& ...) [with _Tp = std::thread; _Args = {const std::thread&}; _Alloc = std::allocator<std::thread>; decltype (_S_construct(__a, __p, (forward<_Args>)(std::allocator_traits::construct::__args)...)) = <type error>]'
/usr/local/include/c++/5.1.0/bits/stl_vector.h:917:30:   required from 'void std::vector<_Tp, _Alloc>::push_back(const value_type&) [with _Tp = std::thread; _Alloc = std::allocator<std::thread>; std::vector<_Tp, _Alloc>::value_type = std::thread]'
main.cpp:37:30:   required from here
/usr/local/include/c++/5.1.0/ext/new_allocator.h:120:4: error: use of deleted function 'std::thread::thread(const std::thread&)'
  { ::new((void *)__p) _Up(std::forward<_Args>(__args)...); }
    ^
In file included from main.cpp:4:0:
/usr/local/include/c++/5.1.0/thread:126:5: note: declared here
     thread(const thread&) = delete;
     ^

线程是独立的,所以我不需要在主程序上调用join,也不需要在任何线程上调用。。。

因此,以下是我的疑虑:

为什么我的代码不能编译?

这是存储线程向量的正确方法吗?

谢谢你的帮助。。。

PS:此处的原始代码:

您需要使用类似的东西

readerThreads.push_back(move(th));

这将使th成为一个右值,并导致调用move ctor。thread的复制ctor已被设计禁用(请参阅Anthony Williams的C++并发操作(。

另一种可行的变体是在vector.push_back调用中创建线程对象。在这种情况下不需要调用std::move,因为它已经是一个右值(因此它将被移动(。

for (int &reader : readers)
    readerThreads.push_back(std::thread(readerThread::start, reader));
/usr/local/include/c++/5.1.0/ext/new_allocator.h: In instantiation of 'void __gnu_cxx::new_allocator<_Tp>::construct(_Up*, _Args&& ...) [with _Up = std::thread; _Args = {const std::thread&}; _Tp = std::thread]':
/usr/local/include/c++/5.1.0/bits/alloc_traits.h:256:4:   required from 'static std::_Require<std::allocator_traits<_Alloc>::__has_construct<_Tp, _Args ...> > std::allocator_traits<_Alloc>::_S_construct(_Alloc&, _Tp*, _Args&& ...) [with _Tp = std::thread; _Args = {const std::thread&}; _Alloc = std::allocator<std::thread>; std::_Require<std::allocator_traits<_Alloc>::__has_construct<_Tp, _Args ...> > = void]'
/usr/local/include/c++/5.1.0/bits/alloc_traits.h:402:16:   required from 'static decltype (_S_construct(__a, __p, (forward<_Args>)(std::allocator_traits::construct::__args)...)) std::allocator_traits<_Alloc>::construct(_Alloc&, _Tp*, _Args&& ...) [with _Tp = std::thread; _Args = {const std::thread&}; _Alloc = std::allocator<std::thread>; decltype (_S_construct(__a, __p, (forward<_Args>)(std::allocator_traits::construct::__args)...)) = <type error>]'
/usr/local/include/c++/5.1.0/bits/stl_vector.h:917:30:   required from 'void std::vector<_Tp, _Alloc>::push_back(const value_type&) [with _Tp = std::thread; _Alloc = std::allocator<std::thread>; std::vector<_Tp, _Alloc>::value_type = std::thread]'
main.cpp:37:30:   required from here
/usr/local/include/c++/5.1.0/ext/new_allocator.h:120:4: error: use of deleted function 'std::thread::thread(const std::thread&)'
  { ::new((void *)__p) _Up(std::forward<_Args>(__args)...); }

让我们把它剥开一点。

error: use of deleted function 'std::thread::thread(const std::thread&)'

您的代码正在尝试引入std::thread

required from 'void std::vector<_Tp, _Alloc>::push_back(const value_type&)

push_back是罪魁祸首。

std::thread不可复制-复制线程是什么意思?

std::thread t1([](){});
std::thread t2 = t1;

因此,std::thread对象的实例是唯一的所有者。除了简单的困惑,随之而来的还有很多痛苦。

然而,它们是可移动的。

std::thread t1([](){});
std::thread t2 = std::move(t1);

t1不再是有效的线程描述符,它所描述的线程现在归t2所有。

要将这些东西放入容器中,可以使用std::movestd::emplace/std::emplace_back

std::vector<std::thread> threads;
threads.push_back(std::move(std::thread([](){})));
threads.emplace_back([](){});

当您的代码专注于这个特定的问题时,让我指出,C++标准将其声明为线程析构函数在线程仍然附加且未连接时被调用的错误。

int main() {
    std::thread t1([](){ while (true) { std::this_thread::yield(); } };
}

当main终止时,调用t1.~thread((,它检测到线程仍然是附加的并且没有连接,这会引发一个异常,导致关机崩溃。

你需要join()线程,等待它终止运行,或者detach()线程。如果你想使用join(),你需要某种方法来告诉线程停止,如果你detach()程序可能会在线程中间退出,比如写数据等,你可能会引入一个严重的错误。

#include <thread>
#include <chrono>
#include <future>
int main () {
  std::promise<void> cnx_promise;
  std::shared_future<void> cnx_future;
  std::thread t1([cnx_future]() {
      while (cnx_future.valid()) {
        std::this_thread::yield();
      }
  });
  std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(1));
  cnx_promise.set_value();
  t1.join();
}

在这里,我们使用promise让线程知道何时停止运行,但您可以使用条件变量、信号等,甚至只使用一个简单的std::atomic<bool> ok_to_run { true };来测试是否为false。

这保证了每个线程都将在向量的存储中创建。不会复制任何对象字节。

for (int &reader : readers)
    readerThreads.emplace_back( readerThread::start, reader );

在常见情况下,这与@Seth建议的不同。但在目前的情况下,它是99%相同的。