如何将函数指针用作类中的参数

How to use Function Pointer as a parameter in a Class

本文关键字：参数 函数 指针      更新时间：2023-10-16

我正在尝试构造一个类，该类本质上是一个期货队列，这些期货都是异步处理的，最终在 main 想要获取其值时全部存储。我在创建将接受这些函数及其参数的函数参数时遇到问题，以便创建一个异步操作，然后将其推入期货队列。有问题的领域是调用构造函数和成员函数add()。 这是我到目前为止所拥有的：

#include <iostream>
#include <queue>
#include <future>
#include <thread>
using namespace std;
using longInt = unsigned long long int;
//prototypes
longInt isPrime(longInt);
template <typename return_type>
class TaskQueue {
private:
    queue<future<return_type>> tasks;
public:
    //return a copy of the queue
    queue<future<return_type>> copy() const {
        return tasks;
    }

    //default constructor
    //does nothing, waits for input
    TaskQueue() {
        //do nothing
    }
    //call constructors
    //adds task to queue
    TaskQueue(return_type (*func)(), Args&& ... args) {
        tasks.push(new async(func, args));
    }
    //copy constructor
    //copies another queue to this one
    TaskQueue(const queue<future<return_type>> & in) {
        tasks = in.copy();
    }
    //setter and getter functions
    //inserts a new task into the queue
    void add(return_type(*func)(), Args&& ... args) {
        tasks.push(new aync(in, args));
    }
    //returns true if the task at the top of the queue is ready
    bool valid() {
        return tasks.front().valid();
    }
    //gets the value, if the value is not ready, waits for it to be ready
    //pops the top task after getting it
    return_type get() {
        return_type temp = tasks.top().get();
        tasks.pop();
        return temp;
    }
    //waits for the value of the top of the queue to become ready
    void wait() {
        tasks.top().wait();
    }

};
int main() {
    TaskQueue<longInt> checkPrimes;
    checkPrimes.add(isPrime, 5);
    longInt test = checkPrimes.get();
    cout << test << endl;
}
//returns the number if it is prime or 0 if it is not
longInt isPrime(longInt n) {
    if (n <= 3) {
        if (n > 1) {
            return n;
        }
        return 0;
    }
    if (n % 2 == 0 || n % 3 == 0) {
        return 0;
    }
    for (unsigned short i = 5; i * i <= n; i += 6) {
        if (n % i == 0 || n % (i + 2) == 0) {
            return 0;
        }
    }
    return n;
}

一个可编译的版本：

template <typename return_type>
class TaskQueue {
private:
    queue<future<return_type>> tasks;
public:
    //return a copy of the queue
    queue<future<return_type>> copy() const {
        return tasks;
    }

    //default constructor
    //does nothing, waits for input
    TaskQueue() {
        //do nothing
    }
    //call constructors
    //adds task to queue
    template <typename ... Args, typename ... Ts>
    TaskQueue(return_type (*func)(Ts...), Args&& ... args) {
        tasks.push(std::async(func, args...));
    }
    //copy constructor
    //copies another queue to this one
    TaskQueue(const queue<future<return_type>> & in) {
        tasks = in.copy();
    }
    //setter and getter functions
    //inserts a new task into the queue
    template <typename ... Args, typename ... Ts>
    void add(return_type(*func)(Ts...), Args&& ... args) {
        tasks.push(std::async(func, args...));
    }
    //returns true if the task at the top of the queue is ready
    bool valid() {
        return tasks.front().valid();
    }
    //gets the value, if the value is not ready, waits for it to be ready
    //pops the top task after getting it
    return_type get() {
        return_type temp = tasks.front().get();
        tasks.pop();
        return temp;
    }
    //waits for the value of the top of the queue to become ready
    void wait() {
        tasks.top().wait();
    }
};

演示

我认为您可以为要传递的函数定义一个类型，然后按所需的顺序应用它们。例如，以下代码片段将定义一个intfunc类型，该类型是一个接受int并返回int的函数。

typedef int (*intfunc) (int);

然后我们可以定义这样的函数

int sum2(int n) {
    return n + 2;
}
int mult3(int n) {
    return 3 * n;
}

并将它们交给一个载体，

vector<intfunc> funcs;
vector<intfunc>::iterator func;
int start = 0;
funcs.push_back(sum2);
funcs.push_back(mult3);
cin >> start;
for (func = funcs.begin(); func != funcs.end(); ++func)
{
    start = (*func)(start);
}
cout << start << endl;

如果我们在该程序中输入 5，它将按预期返回 21。

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