C++:在Boost MultiIndex的使用中确定指针类型的类

C++: Determine the class of a pointer type in the use of Boost MultiIndex

本文关键字:定指 指针 类型 Boost MultiIndex C++      更新时间:2023-10-16

这个问题的答案有通用性,但我将用下面的例子来激励它:

我有以下模板类:

template <typename V>
class Collection
{
public:
    struct id{};
    struct name{};
    // A collection parameterized by type V that is indexed by a string 'name'
    // and a integer 'id'
    // The type V must implement 'get_id()' and a 'get_name()' functions
    typedef multi_index_container <
        V,
        indexed_by<
            ordered_unique<
                tag<id>, const_mem_fun<V, unsigned int, &V::get_id> >,
            ordered_unique<
                tag<name>, const_mem_fun<V, std::string, &V::get_name> >
        >
    > ni_collection;
>

我想修改这个模板,这样我就可以用对象、它们的指针或引用创建一个集合:Collection<Obj>Collection<std::unique_ptr<Obj>>Collection<Obj *>

我将如何修改我的模板来实现这一点?

---更新---我在这里发布了一个相关问题:函数指针类型的计算

综合这两个地方的优秀答案,我终于达到了最初的目标。以下是我当前实现的详细信息:

template <typename V>
class Collection
{
private:
// A type-level function that returns the undecorated type of the object
// So unrwap_object_type<Widget *> = Widget
//    unwrap_object_type<std::unique_ptr<Widget>> = Widget
//    unwrap_object_type<Widget> = Widget
template<typename T, typename = void>
struct unwrap_object_type { typedef T type; };
template <typename T>
struct unwrap_object_type<T *, void> { typedef T type; };
template<typename T>
struct unwrap_object_type<T,
    typename std::conditional<false,
        typename T::element_type, void>::type>
{
  typedef typename T::element_type type;
};
////
// So that QHNETO_COLLECTION<Widget>, QHNETO_COLLECTION<Widet *>,
// and QHNETO_COLLECTION<std::unique_ptr<Widget>> are valid
typedef typename unwrap_object_type<V>::type W;
// Tags for the two indices (id and name) of the collection
struct id;
struct name;
// A collection parameterized by type V that is indexed by a string 'name'
// and a integer 'id'
// The type V must implement 'get_id()' and a 'get_name()' functions
typedef multi_index_container <
    V,
    indexed_by<
        ordered_unique<
            tag<id>,
            const_mem_fun<W, unsigned int, &W::get_id> >,
        ordered_unique<
            tag<name>,
            const_mem_fun<W, std::string, &W::get_name> >
    >
> ni_collection;
ni_collection m_collection;
};

详述@sehe的答案:Boost.MultiIndex预定义的密钥提取器自动处理取消引用(例如,const_mem_fun<foo,bar,&foo::bar>可以与foo* s的multi_index_container一起使用)。您可以利用此功能编写以下内容(无需任何用户提供的密钥提取器):

在Coliru上直播

#include <boost/multi_index_container.hpp>
#include <boost/multi_index/mem_fun.hpp>
#include <boost/multi_index/ordered_index.hpp>
#include <memory>
namespace bmi = boost::multi_index;
template<typename T>
struct remove_pointer{using type=T;};
template<typename T>
struct remove_pointer<T*>{using type=T;};
template<typename T>
struct remove_pointer<std::shared_ptr<T>>{using type=T;};
template <typename V> class Collection {
  public:
    struct id;
    struct name;
    using W=typename remove_pointer<V>::type;
    typedef boost::multi_index_container<
        V,
        bmi::indexed_by<
            bmi::ordered_unique<
                bmi::tag<id>,
                bmi::const_mem_fun<W, unsigned int, &W::get_id>
            >,
            bmi::ordered_unique<
                bmi::tag<name>,
                bmi::const_mem_fun<W,const std::string&, &W::get_name> 
            > 
        >
    > ni_collection;
};
struct Demo {
    unsigned _id;
    std::string _name;
    Demo(unsigned _id,const std::string& _name):_id(_id),_name(_name){}
    unsigned           get_id() const { return _id; }
    std::string const& get_name() const { return _name; }
};
int main() {
    Collection<Demo>::ni_collection works{ { 42, "LTUAE" }, { 4, "PI" } };
    Collection<Demo *>::ni_collection also_works{ new Demo{ 42, "LTUAE" }, new Demo{ 4, "PI" } };
    Collection<std::shared_ptr<Demo>>::ni_collection this_too{ std::make_shared<Demo>( 42, "LTUAE" ), std::make_shared<Demo>( 4, "PI" ) };
}

唯一棘手的部分是const_mem_fun使用W=std::remove_pointer<V>::type(即,如果V是普通类型,则使用V;如果是指针,则使用它所指向的类型)。

编辑:更新后的代码使用手工制作的remove_pointer模板类,而不是std::remove_pointer<V>,该模板类部分专门用于理解T*std::shared_ptr<T>;例如,您可以将其扩展到std::unique_ptr<T>或任何其他需要满足的智能指针类。

您可以使用自定义密钥提取器。例如:Boost.MultiIndex密钥提取器的高级功能

对于参考元素,请考虑boost::reference_wrapperstd::reference_wrapper

在Coliru上直播

#include <boost/multi_index_container.hpp>
#include <boost/multi_index/mem_fun.hpp>
#include <boost/multi_index/ordered_index.hpp>
namespace bmi = boost::multi_index;
template <typename V> class Collection {
    struct id_extractor {
        typedef unsigned result_type;
        template <typename U> result_type operator()(U const&e) const { return e.get_id(); }
        template <typename U> result_type operator()(U*e)       const { return e->get_id(); }
    };
    struct name_extractor {
        typedef std::string result_type;
        template <typename U> result_type const& operator()(U const&e) const { return e.get_name(); }
        template <typename U> result_type const& operator()(U*e)       const { return e->get_name(); }
    };
  public:
    struct id;
    struct name;
    // A collection parameterized by type V that is indexed by a string 'name'
    // and a integer 'id'
    // The type V must implement 'get_id()' and a 'get_name()' functions
    typedef boost::multi_index_container<
        V, bmi::indexed_by<bmi::ordered_unique<bmi::tag<id>, name_extractor >,
                           bmi::ordered_unique<bmi::tag<name>, id_extractor > > >
        ni_collection;
};
struct Demo {
    unsigned _id;
    std::string _name;
    unsigned           get_id() const { return _id; }
    std::string const& get_name() const { return _name; }
};
int main() {
    Collection<Demo>::ni_collection works{ { 42, "LTUAE" }, { 4, "PI" } };
    Collection<Demo *>::ni_collection also_works{ new Demo{ 42, "LTUAE" }, new Demo{ 4, "PI" } };
}