C++对不同类型的向量执行相同的函数

C++ same function on vectors of different types

本文关键字:函数 执行 向量 同类型 C++      更新时间:2023-10-16

我有一个非常简单的函数,可以将vector<double>打印到cout。我有同样的函数,用vector<int>代替。如果可能的话,我可以用一个函数来代替这些函数吗?

void printv(vector<double> vec)
{
    copy(vec.begin(),vec.end(), ostream_iterator<double>(cout," "));
    cout << endl;
}
void printv(vector<int> vec)
{
    copy(vec.begin(),vec.end(), ostream_iterator<int>(cout," "));
    cout << endl;
}

如果有人建议专门用于打印任何类型的矢量的解决方案,我在将矢量保存到文件中的功能方面也有同样的问题,所以重点是一般问题,而不是专门与打印有关。

提前感谢!

当然。这就是C++的意义所在。

template<typename T>
void printv(vector<T> const& vec)
{
    copy(vec.begin(), vec.end(), ostream_iterator<T>(cout," "));
    cout << endl;
}

只要T是"可流式输出",它就会工作。

注意:我在签名中添加了const&以避免复制。


现在,你可以更进一步:

template<typename Container>
void print(Container const& c)
{
    using std::begin;
    using std::end;
    using std::copy;
    copy(begin(c), end(c), std::ostream_iterator<typename Container::value_type>(cout, " "));
    cout << endl;
}

使其适用于所有标准容器,而不仅仅是矢量。

使用模板确定:

template<typename T>
void printv(std::vector<T> const &vec)
{
    std::copy(vec.cbegin(),vec.cend(), ostream_iterator<T>(std::cout," "));
    std::cout << std::endl;
}

或者,您可以为std::vector定义一个模板重载的operator<<,如下所示:

template<typename T>
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream &out, std::vector<T> const &v) {
  std::copy(v.cbegin(), v.cend(), std::ostream_iterator<T>(out, " "));
  out << std::endl;
  return out;
}
int main() {
  std::vector<int> iv {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
  std::vector<double> dv {1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5};
  std::cout << iv << std::endl;
  std::cout << dv << std::endl;
}

现场演示

尝试以下

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <cstring>
template <class T>
std::ostream & print( T &c, std::ostream &os = std::cout )
{
    for ( auto x : c ) os << x << ' ';
    os << std::endl;
    return os;
}
template <class T, size_t N>
std::ostream & print( T ( &a )[N], std::ostream &os = std::cout )
{
    for ( auto x : a ) os << x << ' ';
    os << std::endl;
    return os;
}
template <class T>
std::ostream & print( T *a, size_t n, std::ostream &os = std::cout )
{
    for ( auto p = a; p != a + n; ++p ) os << *p << ' ';
    os << std::endl;
    return os;
}
int main() 
{
    int a[] = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 };
    double b[] = { 0.0, 1.1, 2.2, 3.3, 4.4, 5.5, 6.6, 7.7, 8.8, 9.9 };
    char s[] = "Hello zooombini";
    std::vector<int> v1( a, a + sizeof( a ) / sizeof( *a ) );
    std::vector<double> v2( b, b + sizeof( b ) / sizeof( *b ) );
    print( a );
    print( b );
    print( v1 );
    print( v2 );
    print( s, std::strlen( s ) );
    return 0;
}

输出为

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 
0 1.1 2.2 3.3 4.4 5.5 6.6 7.7 8.8 9.9 
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 
0 1.1 2.2 3.3 4.4 5.5 6.6 7.7 8.8 9.9 
H e l l o   z o o o m b i n i

或者你甚至可以再添加一个过载功能

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <cstring>
template <class T>
std::ostream & print( T &c, std::ostream &os = std::cout )
{
    for ( auto x : c ) os << x << ' ';
    os << std::endl;
    return os;
}
template <class T, size_t N>
std::ostream & print( T ( &a )[N], std::ostream &os = std::cout )
{
    for ( auto x : a ) os << x << ' ';
    os << std::endl;
    return os;
}
template <class T>
std::ostream & print( T *a, size_t n, std::ostream &os = std::cout )
{
    for ( auto p = a; p != a + n; ++p ) os << *p << ' ';
    os << std::endl;
    return os;
}
std::ostream & print( const char *s, std::ostream &os = std::cout )
{
    return os << s << std::endl;
}
std::ostream & print( char *s, std::ostream &os = std::cout )
{
    return os << s << std::endl;
}
int main() 
{
    int a[] = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 };
    double b[] = { 0.0, 1.1, 2.2, 3.3, 4.4, 5.5, 6.6, 7.7, 8.8, 9.9 };
    int *p = new int[10] { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 };
    char s[] = "Hello zooombini";
    std::vector<int> v1( a, a + sizeof( a ) / sizeof( *a ) );
    std::vector<double> v2( b, b + sizeof( b ) / sizeof( *b ) );
    print( a );
    print( b );
    print( p, 10 ) << std::endl;
    print( v1 );
    print( v2 );
    print( s, std::strlen( s ) );
    print( s );
    delete []p;
    return 0;
}

输出为

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 
0 1.1 2.2 3.3 4.4 5.5 6.6 7.7 8.8 9.9 
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 
0 1.1 2.2 3.3 4.4 5.5 6.6 7.7 8.8 9.9 
H e l l o   z o o o m b i n i 
Hello zooombini