使用QTcpSocket和QTcpServer的Qt双向客户端服务器

Qt bidirectional client server using QTcpSocket and QTcpServer

本文关键字:客户端 服务器 Qt QTcpSocket QTcpServer 使用      更新时间:2023-10-16

我正在尝试实现一个双向客户端-服务器程序,在该程序中,客户端和服务器可以在彼此之间传递序列化对象。我正在尝试使用Qt(QTcpSocket和QTcpServer)来实现这一点。我已经用java实现了这样的程序,但我不知道如何使用Qt。我已经查看了财富客户端和财富服务器的示例。。。但据我所见,客户端只是向服务器发送信号,服务器向其发送一些数据。我需要客户端和服务器来回发送对象。我不是在寻找一个完整的解决方案,我所寻找的只是一些正确方向的指导。

我写了一些代码,它接受连接,但不接受数据。

服务器

此类是服务器;它应该接受连接并输出正在发送的缓冲区的大小。然而,它正在输出0

#include "comms.h"
Comms::Comms(QString hostIP, quint16 hostPort)
{
    server = new QTcpServer(this);
    hostAddress.setAddress(hostIP);
    this->hostPort = hostPort;

}
void Comms::attemptConnection(){
    connect(server, SIGNAL(newConnection()), this, SLOT(connectionAccepted()));
    //socket = server->nextPendingConnection();
    server->listen(hostAddress,hostPort);
    //receivedData = socket->readAll();
}
void Comms::connectionAccepted(){
    qDebug()<<"Connected";
    socket = new QTcpSocket(server->nextPendingConnection());
    char* rec = new char[socket->readBufferSize()];
    qDebug()<<socket->readBufferSize();
}

客户

此类是客户端。它应该发送字符串"hello"。它成功发送(据我所知)

#include "toplevelcomms.h"
#include "stdio.h"
TopLevelComms::TopLevelComms(QString hostIP, quint16 hostPort)
{
    tcpSocket = new QTcpSocket();
    hostAddress.setAddress(hostIP);
    this->hostPort = hostPort;
}

void TopLevelComms::connect(){
    tcpSocket->connectToHost(hostAddress,hostPort,QIODevice::ReadWrite);
    //tcpSocket->waitForConnected(1);
    QString string = "Hello";
    QByteArray array;
    array.append(string);
    qDebug()<<tcpSocket->write(array);
}

请告诉我我做错了什么,或者告诉我在Qt中建立我想要的东西的一般逻辑。

QTcpSocket默认情况下是异步的,所以当您调用connectToHost并在同一上下文中写入时,它不会被发送,因为套接字没有连接。您应该更改您的"客户"代码:

void TopLevelComms::connect(){
    tcpSocket->connectToHost(hostAddress,hostPort,QIODevice::ReadWrite);
    if(tcpSocket->waitForConnected()) // putting 1 as parameter isn't reasonable, using default 3000ms value
    {
        QString string = "Hello";
        QByteArray array;
        array.append(string);
        qDebug()<<tcpSocket->write(array);
    }
    else
    {
        qDebug() << "couldn't connect";
    }
}

注意:你也没有检查你是否能够收听

void Comms::attemptConnection(){
    connect(server, SIGNAL(newConnection()), this, SLOT(connectionAccepted()));
    //socket = server->nextPendingConnection();
    if(server->listen(hostAddress,hostPort))
    {
        qDebug() << "Server listening";
    }
    else
    {
        qDebug() << "Couldn't listen to port" << server->serverPort() << ":" << server->errorString();
    }
    //receivedData = socket->readAll();
}

还有最后一件事。请注意,QTcpServer::nextPendingConnection()返回QTcpSocket,因此您不使用该新连接,而是使用nextPendingConnect作为父创建新的QTcpSockets

void Comms::connectionAccepted(){
    qDebug()<<"Connected";
    // WRONG! it will use QTcpSocket::QTcpSocket(QObject * parent)
    //socket = new QTcpSocket(server->nextPendingConnection());
    // use simple asign
    socket = server->nextPendingConnection();
    // move reading to slot
    connect(socket, SIGNAL(readyRead()), this, SLOT(readSocket()));
}

现在我们将把读取转移到单独的插槽

void Comms::readSocket()
{
    // note that dynamic size array is incompatible with some compilers
    // we will use Qt data structure for that
    //char* rec = new char[socket->readBufferSize()];
    qDebug()<<socket->readBufferSize();
    // note that QByteArray can be casted to char * and const char *
    QByteArray data = socket->readAll();
}

我必须承认,对于这样小的代码示例,有很多错误。您需要了解一些有关TCP/IP连接的知识。这些都是流,不能保证整个数据块会立即到达您的

看起来您有时间问题。由于客户端和服务器是不同的进程,因此在服务器的connectionAccepted()函数尝试从套接字读取之前,无法保证整个TopLevelComms::connect()都已执行(以及网络数据传输)。

我怀疑,如果你利用QTcpSocket的waitForReadyRead()函数,你应该会有更好的运气:

void Comms::connectionAccepted(){
    qDebug()<<"Connected";
    socket = new QTcpSocket(server->nextPendingConnection());
    if( socket->waitForReadyRead() ) {
        char* rec = new char[socket->readBufferSize()];
        qDebug()<<socket->readBufferSize();
    }
}