C++虚拟函数解析问题

C++ virtual function resolution issue

本文关键字:问题 函数 虚拟 C++      更新时间:2023-10-16

程序在此函数调用解析时抛出错误:

for(vector<Catalog*>::iterator i=m_subDeptList.begin(); i!=m_subDeptList.end();  ++i)
         (*i)->displayDiscription();

错误:

test.cpp: In member function ‘void Department::displayDiscription()’:
test.cpp:73:14: error: ‘class Catalog’ has no member named ‘displayDiscription’
    (*i)->displayDiscription();

但以下呼叫解决方案没有问题:

for(vector<Product*>::iterator i=m_products.begin(); i!=m_products.end();  ++i)
        (*i)->displayDiscription();
for(vector<Catalog*>::iterator i=m_subDeptList.begin() ; i!=m_subDeptList.end();  ++i)
        (*i)->addDiscount(discount);
for(vector<Product*>::iterator  i=m_products.begin(); i!=m_products.end();  ++i)
        (*i)->addDiscount(discount);

有人能解释一下吗?

#include <cstdlib>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
class Catalog
{
    string m_name;
public:
    Catalog(const string &name):m_name(name){}
    //virtual ~Catalog(){}
    const string& getName()
    {
        return m_name;
    }
    virtual bool addDiscount(unsigned int discount)=0;
    virtual void displayDescription()=0;      
};
class Product:public Catalog
{
    unsigned short m_discount; // discount in %
    long double m_price;
public:
    Product(const string& productName, const long double &price):Catalog(productName),m_price(price){}
    void displayDiscription()
    {
        cout<<getName()<<"price: "<<getPrice()<<endl;
    }    
    bool addDiscount(const unsigned int discount)
    {
        if( discount > 100 || discount < 0)
            return false;
        m_discount+=discount;
        return true;
    }
    long double getPrice()
    {
        return m_price;
    }
};
class Department:public Catalog
{
    vector<Product*> m_products;
    vector<Catalog*> m_subDeptList;
    unsigned int discountApplied;
public:
    Department(const string &name):Catalog(name){}
    bool addDiscount(unsigned int discount) // add discount to all products in this dept/subDept
    {
        if( discount > 100 || discount < 0)
            return false;
        for(vector<Catalog*>::iterator i=m_subDeptList.begin() ; i!=m_subDeptList.end();  ++i)
            (*i)->addDiscount(discount);
        for(vector<Product*>::iterator  i=m_products.begin(); i!=m_products.end();  ++i)
            (*i)->addDiscount(discount);
        discountApplied+=discount;
        return true;
    }    
    void displayDiscription()
    {
        cout<<getName()<<endl;
        if(!m_subDeptList.empty() )
        for(vector<Catalog*>::iterator i=m_subDeptList.begin(); i!=m_subDeptList.end();  ++i)
             (*i)->displayDiscription();
        if(!m_products.empty() )
            for(vector<Product*>::iterator i=m_products.begin(); i!=m_products.end();  ++i)
            (*i)->displayDiscription();
        return;
    }  
/*
    void addProduct(Product* pProduct)
    {
        m_products.push_back(pProduct);
    }
    void addDepartment(Catalog* pDepartment)
    {
        m_subDeptList.push_back(pDepartment);
    }
*/
};
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
/*    
    Department megaStoreCatalog("catalog");
    Department stationary("Stationary");
    Product pen("pen", 5);
    stationary.addProduct(&pen);
    Department stationaryLiquid("Stationary-Liquid");
    Product ink("Bril",30);
    stationaryLiquid.addProduct(&ink);
    megaStoreCatalog.addDepartment(&stationary);
    stationary.addDepartment(&stationaryLiquid);
    megaStoreCatalog.addDiscount(10);
  */  
    return 0;
}

不能只在addDiscount中添加const。它会更改函数签名。

您应该使用C++11override关键字。

它无法解析,因为在该纯虚拟函数声明的基类签名中找不到您的两个派生类方法。您的问题不是实现问题,而是拼写错误。

看看你在基类和派生类中的拼写;你把一个拼写为discription,另一个拼写成description。此外,您还有一个带有const的纯虚拟方法,其中它在基类中没有以这种方式定义。另一件事是,您的构造函数只有一个参数,所以您应该在声明该构造函数时,在其名称之前使用explicit关键字。您不应该在基中使用默认构造函数,即使它是空的或不执行任何操作并将其声明为虚拟的。

在您的基本类中

virtual void displayDescription()=0;

在您的派生类中

void displayDiscription()
{
    cout<<getName()<<"price: "<<getPrice()<<endl;
}    

&

void displayDiscription()
{
    cout<<getName()<<endl;
    if(!m_subDeptList.empty() )
    for(vector<Catalog*>::iterator i=m_subDeptList.begin(); i!=m_subDeptList.end();  ++i)
         (*i)->displayDiscription();
    if(!m_products.empty() )
        for(vector<Product*>::iterator i=m_products.begin(); i!=m_products.end();  ++i)
        (*i)->displayDiscription();
    return;
}